{
  "@context" : "http://lobid.org/resources/context.jsonld",
  "id" : "http://lobid.org/resources/990159356500206441#!",
  "type" : [ "BibliographicResource", "Article" ],
  "medium" : [ {
    "label" : "Print",
    "id" : "http://rdaregistry.info/termList/RDAproductionMethod/1010"
  } ],
  "title" : "\" ... der Stadt zum Schmuck und Schutz\"",
  "almaMmsId" : "990159356500206441",
  "hbzId" : "HT015228028",
  "deprecatedUri" : "http://lobid.org/resources/HT015228028#!",
  "otherTitleInformation" : [ "Köln blickt auf eine zweitausendjährige Festungsgeschichte zurück, seit dem 1. Jh. schützten feste Steinmauern die römische Stadt ; die antike Stadtmauer behielt ihre Funktion bis in das 12. Jh ; im Jahr 1106 erweiterten die Bürger mit Erlaubnis Kaiser Heinrichs IV. das befestigte Stadtgebiet auf 200 ha - gegen den Willen des Kölner Erzbischofs ; innerhalb von nur acht Wochen wurde ein Wall- und Grabenwerk mit Palisade angelegt ; in den folgenden Jahrzehnten errichtete man zwölf bis dreizehn repräsentative steinerne Torburgen" ],
  "publication" : [ {
    "dateStatement" : "2007",
    "startDate" : "2007",
    "type" : [ "PublicationEvent" ]
  } ],
  "describedBy" : {
    "id" : "http://lobid.org/resources/990159356500206441",
    "label" : "Webseite der hbz-Ressource 990159356500206441",
    "type" : [ "BibliographicDescription" ],
    "inDataset" : {
      "id" : "http://lobid.org/resources/dataset#!",
      "label" : "lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data"
    },
    "resultOf" : {
      "type" : [ "CreateAction" ],
      "endTime" : "2026-08-08T22:47:28",
      "instrument" : {
        "id" : "https://github.com/hbz/lobid-resources",
        "type" : [ "SoftwareApplication" ],
        "label" : "Software lobid-resources"
      },
      "object" : {
        "id" : "https://lobid.org/marcxml/990159356500206441",
        "dateCreated" : "2007-07-23",
        "dateModified" : "2026-02-19",
        "type" : [ "DataFeedItem" ],
        "label" : "hbz-Ressource 990159356500206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML",
        "inDataset" : {
          "id" : "https://datahub.io/dataset/hbz_unioncatalog",
          "label" : "hbz_unioncatalog"
        },
        "sourceOrganization" : {
          "id" : "http://lobid.org/organisations/DE-61#!",
          "label" : "Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf"
        },
        "provider" : {
          "id" : "http://lobid.org/organisations/DE-605#!",
          "label" : "hbz - Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen"
        },
        "modifiedBy" : [ {
          "id" : "http://lobid.org/organisations/DE-61#!",
          "label" : "Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf"
        } ]
      }
    },
    "license" : [ {
      "id" : "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0",
      "label" : "Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal"
    } ]
  },
  "subject" : [ {
    "id" : "https://nwbib.de/subjects#N228000",
    "label" : "Mittelalter und Neuzeit",
    "notation" : "228000",
    "type" : [ "Concept" ],
    "source" : {
      "id" : "https://nwbib.de/subjects",
      "label" : "Sachsystematik der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Bibliographie"
    }
  }, {
    "id" : "https://nwbib.de/subjects#N262012",
    "label" : "Festungen",
    "notation" : "262012",
    "type" : [ "Concept" ],
    "source" : {
      "id" : "https://nwbib.de/subjects",
      "label" : "Sachsystematik der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Bibliographie"
    }
  }, {
    "type" : [ "ComplexSubject" ],
    "label" : "Köln | Festung | Geschichte 1106-1871",
    "componentList" : [ {
      "type" : [ "PlaceOrGeographicName" ],
      "label" : "Köln",
      "source" : {
        "label" : "Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND)",
        "id" : "https://d-nb.info/gnd/7749153-1"
      },
      "id" : "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4031483-2",
      "gndIdentifier" : "4031483-2",
      "altLabel" : [ "Keln", "Keulen", "Cölln (Köln)", "Groß-Köln", "Kūlūniyā", "Kerun", "Oppidum Ubiorum", "Ara Ubiorum", "Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium", "CCAA", "Colonia Agrippina", "Colonia Agrippinensis", "Colonia (Köln)", "Colonia Ubiorum", "Köln am Rhein", "Kölln am Rheine", "Stadt Köln", "Cöln", "Cöllen", "Cologne", "Colonia ad Rhenum", "Hansestadt Köln", "Gross-Köln" ]
    }, {
      "type" : [ "SubjectHeading" ],
      "label" : "Festung",
      "source" : {
        "label" : "Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND)",
        "id" : "https://d-nb.info/gnd/7749153-1"
      },
      "id" : "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4016934-0",
      "gndIdentifier" : "4016934-0",
      "altLabel" : [ "Festungsbau (Festung)", "Festungen", "Festungsanlage" ]
    }, {
      "type" : [ "SubjectHeading" ],
      "label" : "Geschichte 1106-1871"
    } ]
  } ],
  "spatial" : [ {
    "id" : "https://nwbib.de/spatial#Q365",
    "label" : "Köln",
    "type" : [ "Concept" ],
    "source" : {
      "id" : "https://nwbib.de/spatial",
      "label" : "Raumsystematik der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Bibliographie"
    },
    "focus" : {
      "id" : "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q365",
      "label" : "Köln",
      "type" : [ "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q707813", "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1549591", "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q42744322", "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q85635630", "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q200250", "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2202509", "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q57318" ],
      "geo" : {
        "lat" : "50.942222222",
        "lon" : "6.957777777"
      }
    }
  } ],
  "subjectslabels" : [ "Köln", "Festung", "Geschichte 1106-1871" ],
  "sameAs" : [ {
    "id" : "https://hub.culturegraph.org/resource/(DE-605)990159356500206441",
    "label" : "Culturegraph-Ressource"
  }, {
    "id" : "http://nwbib.de/990159356500206441#!",
    "label" : "NWBib-Ressource"
  } ],
  "containedIn" : [ {
    "id" : "http://lobid.org/resources/ZDB-351220-4#!",
    "label" : "Archäologie in Deutschland"
  } ],
  "inCollection" : [ {
    "id" : "https://nrw.digibib.net/search/hbzvk/",
    "label" : "DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog",
    "type" : [ "Collection" ]
  }, {
    "id" : "http://lobid.org/organisations/DE-655#!",
    "label" : "hbz - Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Netzwerkzone",
    "type" : [ "Collection" ]
  }, {
    "id" : "http://lobid.org/resources/HT014176012#!",
    "label" : "Nordrhein-Westfälische Bibliographie (NWBib)",
    "type" : [ "Collection" ]
  } ],
  "language" : [ {
    "id" : "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-2/ger",
    "label" : "Deutsch"
  } ],
  "bibliographicCitation" : "Archäologie in Deutschland; Stuttgart; 23 (2007),4, S. 68-69 : Ill.",
  "bibliographicLevel" : {
    "label" : "Monographic component part",
    "id" : "https://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/bdleader.html#Monographic_component_part"
  },
  "responsibilityStatement" : [ "Marcus Trier" ],
  "contribution" : [ {
    "agent" : {
      "gndIdentifier" : "124761275",
      "id" : "https://d-nb.info/gnd/124761275",
      "label" : "Trier, Marcus",
      "type" : [ "Person" ],
      "dateOfBirth" : "1962",
      "altLabel" : [ "Trier, Marcus C.", "Trier, Marcus Carl" ]
    },
    "role" : {
      "id" : "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut",
      "label" : "Autor/in"
    },
    "type" : [ "Contribution" ]
  } ]
}