label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372768174106441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372768174106441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Freie Verschlagwortung

label: Economic assistance -- Developing countries -- Periodicals.

label: Finance -- Developing countries -- Periodicals.

label: Finance -- Developing countries.

label: International finance -- Periodicals.

label: International finance.

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Finance & Development; Finance & Development No 0047/003

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Finanzas & Desarrollo, septiembre de 2010.

label: Spanisch

extent: 1 online resource (60 p.)

abstract: Suscríbase a Finanzas & Desarrollo para mantenerse al día de las últimas corrientes del pensamiento económico en lo que respecta al sistema financiero internacional, la política monetaria, el desarrollo económico, la reducción de la pobreza y otras cuestiones de importancia fundamental. Esta amena revista trimestral ofrece análisis profundos de técnicos del FMI y respetados expertos internacionales sobre estas y otras cuestiones. Los artículos están redactados teniendo en mira al lector no especializado interesado en comprender el funcionamiento de la economía mundial y las políticas y actividades del FMI.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. External Relations Dept

label: Autor/in


type: BibliographicResource Book

label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Préserver la stabilité financière

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372769984906441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

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label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

type: Item DigitalDocument

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: Economic Issues; Economic Issues No 2006/002

label: Préserver la stabilité financière.

label: Französisch

extent: 1 online resource (31 pages)

abstract: Poussées par les progrès des technologies de l'information, la libéralisation et l'innovation financières ont pris leur essor à la fin des années 70. Bien que les changements des marchés financiers aient été dans l’ensemble bénéfiques, notre compréhension des nouveaux risques qu'ils posent pour la stabilité financière n'a pas évolué assez rapidement, comme l'ont démontré les crises financières des vingt dernières années. L'étude de la stabilité financière internationale, qui constitue un bien public, n'en est qu'à ses balbutiements. Cette brochure, qui entend élargir le débat, propose une définition de la stabilité financière ainsi qu'un cadre général visant à la préserver sans nuire à son développement dynamique ou en restreindre les avantages.

label: Schinasi, Garry


type: BibliographicResource Bibliography Book

otherTitleInformation: priorities and the rule of law : hearing before the Subcommittee on Immigration Policy and Enforcement of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, October 12, 2011

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372840826106441

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label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.

label: Emigration and immigration law / United States.

label: Noncitizens / Government policy / United States.

label: Illegal immigration / Government policy / United States.

label: Immigration enforcement / Government policy / United States.

label: Amnesty / Government policy / United States.

label: Illegal immigration.

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (iv, 111 pages)

note: Title from title screen (viewed on Feb. 22, 2012).

label: United States.. Congress.. House.. Committee on the Judiciary.. Subcommittee on Immigration Policy and Enforcement

label: Schöpfer/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Luxembourg

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372707534906441

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label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372707534906441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Fiscal policy / Luxembourg.

label: Pensions / Luxembourg.

label: Luxembourg / Economic conditions.

label: Luxembourg / Economic policy.

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

subjectslabels:
Fiscal policy / Luxembourg.
Pensions / Luxembourg.
Luxembourg / Economic conditions.
Luxembourg / Economic policy.

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;

extent: 1 online resource (61 p.)

note: Description based upon print version of record.

abstract: This Selected Issues Paper analyzes the fiscal position and significant challenges for Luxembourg. Luxembourg’s fiscal position is currently sound, however, fiscal safety buffers are being eroded. The country’s healthy fiscal position will be challenged by forthcoming revenue losses as well as rapid trend growth in expenditures. An overall strategy to address this coming deterioration is needed. Beyond the planned value-added tax increase, recurrent property taxes are a possible additional source of revenue. On expenditures, social benefits should be an area of focus, and reforms of these benefits should also aim to reduce disincentives to work.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. European Department

label: Autor/in

label: International Monetary Fund

label: Beitragende/r


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Fiscal Sustainability in Remittance-Dependent Economies

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99371413786806441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99371413786806441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Fiscal policy.

label: Debts, Public.

label: Öffentliche Verschuldung und öffentliche Ausgaben

subjectslabels:
Fiscal policy.
Debts, Public.

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: Hochschule Rhein-Waal, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, Zentralbibliothek

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (42 p.)

note:
"September 2009".
Includes bibliographical references.

abstract: We investigate the impact of remittances on public debt sustainability and detail how the traditional debt-to-GDP ratio can be modified to create a more accurate representation of debt sustainability for a country that receives significant remittance inflows. The main result is that inclusion of remittances into the traditional debt sustainability analysis alters the amount of fiscal adjustment required to place debt on a sustainable path. While preliminary, these results are indicative of how a one-size-fits-all stability analysis may be inappropriate when evaluating the stance of fiscal policy for countries with different balance of payments characteristics.

responsibilityStatement: Ralph Chami, Yasser Abdih, Amine Mati, Michael Gapen.

label: Chami, Ralph

label: Abdih, Y.

label: Gapen, Michael

label: Mati, Amine

label: International Monetary Fund.. Middle East and Central Asia Department


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: 50 ML Projects To Understand LLMs

otherTitleInformation: Investigate transformer mechanisms through data analysis, visualization, and experimentation

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99377030918506441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

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label: Ebookcentral Proquest

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Natural language processing (Computer science)

label: Artificial intelligence

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: Maschinelles Lernen

label: Hochschul- und Kreisbibliothek Bonn-Rhein-Sieg

label: Hochschule Hamm-Lippstadt, Bibliothek Hamm

label: Universitätsbibliothek Duisburg-Essen

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: DOI-Link

extent: 1 online resource (520 pages)

abstract: Most books teach you how to build LLMs from scratch or deploy them via APIs.This book uses guided machine learning projects to teach you how to understand, visualize, and investigate LLMs including GPT and BERT.

label: Monograph/Item

label: Cohen, Mike X.

label: Autor/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Brazil

otherTitleInformation: Technical Assistance Report-Public Investment Management Assessment

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label: Software lobid-resources

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label: lobid Organisation

label: Public investments.

label: Investitionen durch Regierungen und ihre Behörden

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: IMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (71 pages).

abstract: Brazil is the largest country in Latin America with a varied geography and a population of over 200 million spread across 26 diverse states, generating wide-ranging infrastructure needs. Over the decades, many government investment initiatives have been launched to address these needs, however there remains a significant infrastructure gap in Brazil which continues to hamper growth potential. Over the past two decades, public investment has been considerably below the regional and income group averages and this has translated into much lower capital stock. Public investment averaged around 2 percent of GDP during the period 1995 to 2015, compared with 6.4 percent for Emerging Market Economies (EME) and 5.5 percent for Latin American Countries (LAC). As a result, public capital stock in 2015 was only 35 percent of GDP compared with an average of 92 for EME and 87 for LAC.

label: International Monetary Fund.. Fiscal Affairs Dept


label: Datenträger

title: Finance & Development, December 1994

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label: Finance & Development; Finance & Development ;

note: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

abstract: THE SOVIET experience teaches at least one cautionary lesson: development strategies emphasizing state-administered investment may produce rapid growth at first but are prone to eventual stagnation.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. External Relations Department

label: Autor/in


type: BibliographicResource Periodical

label: Online-Ressource

title: Constitutional forum

label: unbekannte Erscheinungsfrequenz

note: Volltext nur als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar

label: laufend

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label: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden

label: Zeitschriftendatenbank (ZDB)

label: lobid Organisation

label: Zeitschrift

notation: INTRECHT

label: FID-Klassifikation

label: Sondersammelgebiets-Nummer

label: DDC-Sachgruppen der ZDB

label: Recht

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

version: sdnb

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: ZDB-Ressource

label: DNB-Ressource

label: EZB

label: Constitutional forum

label: hbz - Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Netzwerkzone

label: HeinOnline / Law Journal Library

extent: Online-Ressource

label: Serial

label: Center for Constitutional Studies

altLabel: Cato Institute. Center for Constitutional Studies

label: Herausgeber/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Japan

otherTitleInformation: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Detailed Assessment of Observance on Insurance Core Principles

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99374258628206441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

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label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (141 pages)

abstract: This paper discusses Detailed Assessment of Observance of Insurance Core Principles for the Japan Financial Sector Assessment Program. The Financial Services Agency (FSA) is the integrated regulator of financial services, including insurance but accepting the insurance activities of cooperatives. Areas of observance include licensing requirements, cooperation with other supervisors and anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism. Regulatory material contains extensive requirements for licensing of insurers and the FSA works closely with applicants to assess whether they meet requirements, even if final decisions on licensing are taken by a minister. The assessment identified significant gaps in the current framework of regulation and supervision. The assessment found that, partly because of resource constraints, the FSA’s approach to insurance supervision is largely reactive. The resolution framework and process of resolution for insurers needs to be carefully reviewed. Finally, there is a need to strengthen institutional arrangements for insurance supervision. As recommended in previous assessments, the FSA’s independence should be bolstered by the delegation of insurer licensing powers currently reserved to a minister.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. Monetary and Capital Markets Department

label: Autor/in


label: Print

title: Bulletin économique et financier

label: unbekannte Erscheinungsfrequenz

label: eingestellt

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 990104634520206441

label: hbz-Ressource 990104634520206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Zeitschriftendatenbank (ZDB)

label: Zeitschrift

label: DDC-Sachgruppen der ZDB

label: Handel, Kommunikation, Verkehr

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: Wirtschaft

label: Soziale Probleme, Sozialdienste, Versicherungen

label: Soziale Probleme und Sozialdienste; Verbände

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: ZDB-Ressource

label: DNB-Ressource

label: Wirtschafts- und Finanzbericht

label: hbz - Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Netzwerkzone

label: Französisch

label: Serial

responsibilityStatement: Présidence du Conseil des Ministres, Sous-Secrétariat d'Etat de la Presse et de la Propagande, Direction d'Etudes et Documentation

label: Rumänien. Consiliul de Miniştri

altLabel: Rumänien. Consiliul de Miniştri. Sous-Secrétariat de la Presse et de la Propagande

altLabel: Rumänien. Consiliul de Miniştri. Unterstaatssekretariat für Presse und Propaganda

altLabel: Sous-Secrétariat de la Presse et de la Propagande, România

altLabel: Unterstaatssekretariat für Presse und Propaganda, România

label: Herausgeber/in

label: România. Direction de la Propagande Extérieure

altLabel: România. Ministerul Propagandei. Direction de la Propagande Extérieure

altLabel: Direction de la Propagande Extérieure, România


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Undocumented migrants and family unity

publishedBy: Law Library of Congress, Global Legal Research Directorate

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99374012028906441

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label: Software lobid-resources

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label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Emigration and immigration law / Australia.

label: Emigration and immigration law / Brazil.

label: Emigration and immigration law / Germany.

label: Emigration and immigration law / Israel.

label: Emigration and immigration law / Italy.

label: Emigration and immigration law / South Africa.

label: Emigration and immigration law / Sweden.

label: Emigration and immigration law / Great Britain.

label: Noncitizens.

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: Hochschule Rhein-Waal, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (45 pages)

note: In scope of the U.S. Government Publishing Office Cataloging and Indexing Program (C&I) and Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP).

label: Monograph/Item

label: Law Library of Congress (U.S.).. Global Legal Research Directorate

label: Beitragende/r


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: التنمية الاقتصادية في البلدان العربية

otherTitleInformation: تقرير القضايا المختارة

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372760586406441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372760586406441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Books

label: Economic Development of the Arab Countries: Selected Issues.

label: Arabisch

extent: 1 online resource (323 pages)

abstract: يعمل اقتصاديو الصندوق عن كثب مع البلدان الأعضاء على مجموعة متنوعة من القضايا. وغالبا ما يتم تبادل وجهات نظرهم المتفردة بشأن تجارب البلدان وأفضل الممارسات حول القضايا الاقتصادية الكلية العالمية في صورة كتب عن موضوعات متنوعة، مثل المقارنات بين البلدان، وبناء القدرات، والسياسة الاقتصادية الكلية، والتكامل المالي، والعولمة.

label: El-Naggar, Saíd

label: Autor/in


title: The Middle East and North Africa in a Changing Oil Market

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372760594206441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372760594206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Petroleum industry and trade / Middle East.

label: Petroleum industry and trade / Africa, North.

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: Pamphlet Series

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (26 pages)

abstract: The world oil market has undergone a series of changes that have reduced the share of oil in the global energy balance and, with it, the influence of Middle Eastern oil exporters. In spite of oil’s loss of ground, however, Middle Eastern countries remain at the center of world oil developments. This paper focuses on the developments in the international oil market, the role of Middle Eastern countries therein, and the policy challenges arising from the dependency on oil.

label: Monograph/Item

label: Okogu, Bright

label: International Monetary Fund

label: Gesang


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Papua New Guinea

alternativeTitle: Papua New Guinea: 2007 Article IV Consultation Staff Report; and Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion for Papua New Guinea

otherTitleInformation: Staff Report for the 2000 Article IV Consultation and First Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372760834306441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372760834306441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: IMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;

extent: 1 online resource (55 pages)

abstract: Papua New Guinea showed satisfactory performance under the Stand-By Arrangement. Executive Directors commended the macroeconomic stabilization and structural reform, and emphasized the need to maintain fiscal and monetary stances. They appreciated the improved governance, transparency, and efficiency of the public sector, as indicated by the recent assessment of Papua New Guinea's observance of the code on fiscal transparency. They indicated the need to strengthen the technical and managerial capacity of the National Statistical Office, and noted the potential role of technical assistance in improving statistics.


title: Tax Policy Implications in Endogenous Growth Models

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372760928006441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372760928006441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

extent: 1 online resource (40 pages)

abstract: This paper surveys the tax policy implications in various endogenous growth models. The focus is on the long-run growth effects of income, consumption, and investment taxation in models whose engine of growth is the accumulation of human capital, technological innovation, and/or public infrastructure. The results depend on model specifications. This paper also reviews quantitative results from cross-country regressions and simulations, and indicates some statistical and methodological problems to which they are subject. Tax policy implications in endogenous growth models both with tax policy endogenously determined by a political process and with international capital mobility are also discussed.

label: Xu, Bin

label: Autor/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Fiscal Risk Sharing in China: Is It Significant and How to Further Improve It?

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99374921646506441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: hbz-Ressource 99374921646506441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (33 pages)

abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has weakened the fiscal positions of local governments in China, while the recent stress in the Chinese property market has further compounded this issue, calling for stronger fiscal risk sharing among provinces. This paper examines the existing central to local governmental transfer system and its effect on interprovincial risk sharing and redistribution in China. We show that the fiscal transfers have played an important role in risk sharing although their main purpose is still redistribution. We also propose an alternative transfer mechanism with the size of transfers to each province linked to the shocks that the province is facing to enhance the fiscal risk-sharing effect. Using counterfactual simulations, we show that such an alternative mechanism can significantly enhance risk sharing among all provinces against idiosyncratic shocks while maintaining a comparable level of redistribution effect. Intergovernmental reforms and other structural measures could also be considered to further improve policy efficiency and effectiveness.

label: Monograph/Item

label: Han, Fei

label: Bin, Grace Li

label: Beitragende/r

label: Zhou, Chenqi


title: مجلة التمويل والتنمية، عدد مارس 2019

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372787205706441

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372787205706441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Finance & Development; Finance & Development No 0056/001

label: Finance & Development, March 2019.

label: Arabisch

extent: 1 online resource (64 pages)

abstract: مجلة التمويل والتنمية.

label: International Monetary Fund.. Communications Department


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Calendrier

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372794422206441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: hbz-Ressource 99372794422206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Survey; IMF Survey No 0034/021

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Calendrier.

label: Französisch

abstract: L’édition web du Bulletin du FMI est mise à jour plusieurs fois par semaine et contient de nombreux articles sur des questions de politique générale et de politique économique d'actualité.  Accédez aux dernières recherches du FMI, lisez des interviews et écoutez des podcasts proposés par les principaux économistes du FMI sur des questions importantes de l'économie mondiale. www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/home.aspx.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. External Relations Dept

label: Autor/in


title: Politologija

publicationHistory: Nachgewiesen 22.2001 -

label: unbekannte Erscheinungsfrequenz

label: laufend

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label: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek

label: Zeitschriftendatenbank (ZDB)

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Zeitschrift

label: DDC-Sachgruppen der ZDB

label: Politik

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: Politikwissenschaft (Politik und Regierung)

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label: DNB-Ressource

label: EZB

label: Politologija

label: hbz - Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Netzwerkzone

label: Central and Eastern European Online Library (CEEOL) [Archiv] [Nationallizenz]

label: Central and Eastern European Online Library (CEEOL) [Komplett] [Nationalkonsortium]

label: Politika

label: Litauisch

label: Open Access

label: Serial

responsibilityStatement: Vilniaus Universitetas, Tarptautiniu̜ Santykiu̜ ir Politikos Mokslu̜ Institutas

label: Tarptautinių Santykių ir Politikos Mokslų Institutas

altLabel: Institute of International Relations and Political Science at the University of Vilnius

altLabel: Vilniaus Universitetas. Institut des Relations Internationales et des Sciences Politiques

altLabel: Vilniaus Universitetas. Institute of International Relations and Political Science

altLabel: Vilniaus Universitetas. Institute of International Relations & Political Science

altLabel: Vilniaus Universitetas. Tarptautinių Santykių ir Politikos Mokslų Institutas

altLabel: Vilniaus Universiteto Tarptautinių Santykių ir Politikos Mokslų Institutas

altLabel: Vilnius University Institute of International Relations and Political Science

label: Herausgeber/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Wisconsin session laws

label: unbekannte Erscheinungsfrequenz

label: laufend

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 990183830620206441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 990183830620206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden

label: Zeitschriftendatenbank (ZDB)

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Zeitschrift

label: Amtliche Publikation

label: FID-Klassifikation

label: Sondersammelgebiets-Nummer

label: DDC-Sachgruppen der ZDB

label: Recht

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: Wisconsin session laws

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: HeinOnline / Session Laws

label: Laws of Wisconsin

label: Wisconsin

altLabel:
Wisconsin (Territory)
Wis.
WI

label: Autor/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Use of Technology in Tax Administrations 2

alternativeTitle: Use of technology in tax administrations, 3

alternativeTitle: Use of technology in tax administrations. 2

otherTitleInformation: Core Information Technology Systems in Tax Administrations

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99370758338606441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

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label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, Zentralbibliothek

label: Technical Notes and Manuals; Technical Notes and Manuals ;

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (18 p.)

abstract: This technical note is the second of three addressing information technology (IT) themes and issues relevant to tax administrations. This note addresses how to select a suitable IT system for core tax administration functions. Note one covers the use of IT in tax administrations and how to develop an information technology strategic plan (ITSP). The third note focuses on implementation of a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) system. These technical notes are primarily for tax administrations that have no technology to manage their core tax processes, or their technology is limited and outdated. These notes focus on core tax functions and do not address other business systems (e.g., payroll, finance, document, and asset management systems).

label: Monograph/Item

label: Cotton, Margaret

label: Dark, Gregory

label: Beitragende/r


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Germany

otherTitleInformation: 2025 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Germany

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99376877531206441

label: hbz-Ressource 99376877531206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

extent: 1 online resource (93 pages)

abstract: The 2025 Article IV Consultation highlights that the German economy has been hit with major shocks in recent years, with these adverse effects exacerbated by weak underlying productivity growth. The authorities’ landmark reform of the debt-brake rule in 2025 is expected to help drive a gradual economic recovery. Planned fiscal easing in 2026–27 and the lagged effects of past monetary loosening are expected to support a gradual economic recovery over the next few years. Significant fiscal adjustment measures will also be needed over the medium and long term to offset rising spending pressures from aging-related spending, defense, and interest payments while also stabilizing the debt-to-GDP ratio. Key macro-economic risks include that insufficient productivity-enhancing reforms and/or increasing competition in Germany’s export markets keep growth lower than expected, that supply-chain disruptions could arise from trade policy disputes, and that stretched global asset valuations could possibly reverse, which would adversely affect aggregate demand and possibly stress exposed sections of the financial system.

label: International Monetary Fund.. European Dept

label: Autor/in


title: Playing with Blocs

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99376877533306441

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label: Software lobid-resources

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label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;

extent: 1 online resource (48 pages)

abstract: We adopt a data-driven approach to measure trade decoupling over 2015-2023. Countries are classified into three groups according to changes in their data-inferred trade costs with the US and China: those shifting toward the US bloc, those shifting toward the China bloc, and those with no change in alignment. We document that while cross-bloc trade costs rose, they were accompanied by falling within-bloc trade costs, with average trade costs falling marginally in line with global trade resilience. We use a quantitative model to compute the real income effects of this reconfiguration of trade costs. Model simulations suggest that real income in the median country in the world, and the median country within each bloc, rose by 0.4-0.6%. Finally, we find a modest amount of bloc misalignment: the median country would be better off switching blocs. These results suggest that trade decoupling may not follow trade-driven economic interests.

responsibilityStatement: Barthélémy Bonadio, Zhen Huo, Elliot Kang, Andrei Levchenko, Nitya Pandalai-Nayar, Hiroshi Toma, Petia Topalova.

label: Bonadio, Barthélémy

label: Huo, Zhen

label: Kang, Elliot

label: Levchenko, Andrei

label: Pandalai-Nayar, Nitya

label: Toma, Hiroshi

label: Topalova, Petia


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Connecticut journal of international law

label: unbekannte Erscheinungsfrequenz

label: laufend

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 990154007030206441

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label: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden

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label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Zeitschrift

label: FID-Klassifikation

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label: Recht

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

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label: ZDB-Ressource

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label: EZB

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: hbz - Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Netzwerkzone

label: HeinOnline / Law Journal Library

label: Englisch

label: Serial


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Welfare in review

label: unbekannte Erscheinungsfrequenz

label: eingestellt

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 990182056620206441

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label: Software lobid-resources

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label: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden

label: Zeitschriftendatenbank (ZDB)

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Medizin, Gesundheit

label: Medizin und Gesundheit

label: Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

label: Bildung und Erziehung

label: Welfare in review

responsibilityStatement: US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Social and Rehabilitation Service, Office of the Administrator

label: USA. Social and Rehabilitation Service

altLabel: USA. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Social and Rehabilitation Service

label: Herausgeber/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Finance & Development, December 1988

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372764105006441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372764105006441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: Finance & Development; Finance & Development ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (62 p.)

abstract: This paper describes the effect of IMF-supported adjustment programs on the poor. The paper highlights that IMF-supported adjustment programs have often been misunderstood and have been criticized for seeking excessive reductions in aggregate demand, resulting in unwarranted contractions of output and employment opportunities, and declines in the living standards of people living in poverty. The paper discusses the series of case studies of nine programs in seven countries that the IMF undertook to obtain a balanced and comprehensive appraisal of how the poor fare in the context of IMF-supported adjustment programs.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. External Relations Department

label: Autor/in


title: آفاق الاقتصاد العالمي، مايو 1999

otherTitleInformation: العدوى المالية الدولية

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372760591506441

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label: Software lobid-resources

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label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: World Economic Outlook; World Economic Outlook ;

label: World Economic Outlook, May 1999: International Financial Contagion.

label: Arabisch

extent: 1 online resource (268 pages)

abstract: يصدر  تقرير "آفاق الاقتصاد العالمي" مرتين كل عام باللغات الإنجليزية والفرنسية والإسبانية والعربية، ويتضمن عرضا لتحليلات خبراء الصندوق الاقتصاديين بشأن تطورات الاقتصاد العالمي على المديين القصير والمتوسط. وتستعرض فصول التقرير الاقتصاد العالمي، والقضايا المؤثرة على البلدان الصناعية والبلدان النامية والبلدان في طور التحول إلى اقتصاد السوق، كما تتناول الموضوعات الراهنة محل الاهتمام. ويتضمن النص عددا من المرفقات والأطر والرسوم البيانية وملحقا إحصائيا مفصلا.

label: International Monetary Fund.. Research Dept


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

publicationHistory: Nachgewiesen 1941 -

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label: laufend

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 990183827480206441

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label: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden

label: Zeitschriftendatenbank (ZDB)

label: lobid Organisation

label: Zeitschrift

label: Amtliche Publikation

label: FID-Klassifikation

label: Sondersammelgebiets-Nummer

label: DDC-Sachgruppen der ZDB

label: Recht

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: ZDB-Ressource

label: DNB-Ressource

label: Acts and resolutions of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia / Extraordinary session. Extraordinary session

label: Acts and resolutions of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia / Ordinary session. Ordinary session

label: hbz - Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Netzwerkzone

label: HeinOnline / Session Laws

label: Serial

responsibilityStatement: comp. and publ. by authority of the State

label: Georgia

altLabel:
State of Georgia
Georgia (State)
Peach State
Empire State of the South
Cheorchia
Estato de Cheorchia
Estado de Xeorxia
Chojia-ju
US-GA
Ga.
GA

label: Georgia. General Assembly

label: Herausgeber/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Finance and Development, December 2013

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99371462972406441

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label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99371462972406441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Financial services industry / Government policy.

label: Financial services industry / Law and legislation.

label: Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009.

label: Finanzwirtschaft

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Hochschule Rhein-Waal, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, Zentralbibliothek

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: Finance & Development; Finance & Development No 0050/004

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (60 p.)

abstract: For the latest thinking about the international financial system, monetary policy, economic development, poverty reduction, and other critical issues, subscribe to Finance & Development (F&D).  This lively quarterly magazine brings you in-depth analyses of these and other subjects by the IMF’s own staff  as well as by prominent international experts.  Articles are written for lay readers who want to enrich  their understanding of the workings of the global economy and the policies and activities of the IMF.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. External Relations Department

label: Autor/in

label: International Monetary Fund

label: Beitragende/r


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

alternativeTitle: Finances et Developpement : Et maintenant,dans quelle direction aller?

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99371463145306441

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label: Software lobid-resources

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label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Finance & Development; Finance & Development No 0046/003

label: Finances & Développement, septembre 2009.

label: Französisch

extent: 1 online resource (60 pages)

abstract: La sortie de la récession la plus profonde des 60 dernières années est engagée. Mais pour entretenir la reprise, les pays devront bien doser leur action, aux plans national et international. Olivier Blanchard, Chef économiste du FMI, donne le ton en rappelant dans son article que le redressement ne sera pas aisé. La crise a laissé de profondes séquelles qui pèseront encore pendant longtemps sur l’offre et la demande. Cette édition de F&D se penche sur l’évolution à venir de la crise mondiale et sur son issue. Comment dénouer les politiques de relance? Quelle croissance après la crise? Comment reconstruire l’architecture financière? Quel est l’avenir des monnaies de réserves? Jeffrey Frankel examine ce qui est en vogue et ce qui ne l’est plus dans la finance internationale, et une équipe du Département des études analyse ce que l’on est en droit d’attendre des systèmes d’alerte précoce. Dans la rubrique «Paroles d’économistes», nous nous entretenons avec Daniel Kahneman, lauréat du Prix Nobel et pionnier de l’économie comportementale. La section «Pleins feux» trace, quant à elle, la chronologie du taux directeur de la Banque d’Angleterre qui a atteint son plus bas niveau en trois cents ans. « L’ABC de l’économie » rappelle les principes de la politique monétaire, tandis que « Gros plan » porte sur les effets de la crise pour le système bancaire de l'Est de l'Europe.

label: International Monetary Fund.. External Relations Dept


title: ICE guidance needs improvement to deter illegal employment

alternativeTitle: Immigrations and Customs Enforcement needs improvement to deter illegal employment

publishedBy: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Inspector General

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372824804206441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372824804206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement / Rules and practice.

label: Foreign workers / Government policy / United States.

label: Illegal immigration / United States.

label: Immigration enforcement / Government policy / United States.

label: Employee screening / Government policy / United States.

label: Under-the-table employment / Prevention. / United States

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (30 pages) : color illustrations

label: Monograph/Item

label: United States.. Department of Homeland Security.. Office of Inspector General


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Cornell journal of law and public policy

label: unbekannte Erscheinungsfrequenz

label: laufend

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 990154007330206441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 990154007330206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden

label: Zeitschriftendatenbank (ZDB)

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Zeitschrift

label: FID-Klassifikation

label: Sondersammelgebiets-Nummer

label: DDC-Sachgruppen der ZDB

label: Recht

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: ZDB-Ressource

label: DNB-Ressource

label: EZB

label: Verlag

label: hbz - Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Netzwerkzone

label: HeinOnline / Law Journal Library

extent: Online-Ressource

label: Serial

label: Cornell Law School

altLabel:
Law School (Ithaca, NY)
Cornell University. Cornell Law School
Cornell University. Law School

label: Herausgeber/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Proceedings / American Bar Association, Section of Mineral and Natural Resources Law

publicationHistory: 1957 - 1967; damit Ersch. eingest.

label: unbekannte Erscheinungsfrequenz

label: eingestellt

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 990178130090206441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 990178130090206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden

label: Zeitschriftendatenbank (ZDB)

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Proceedings of the Section of Mineral Law

altLabel: American Bar Association. Section of Mineral and Natural Resources Law. Publications Committee

label: Autor/in


title: Economic Integration, Business Cycle, and Productivity in North America

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372768721806441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372768721806441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: North American Free Trade Agreement.

label: Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement.

label: Free trade / Canada.

label: Canada / Commerce / United States.

label: North America / Commercial treaties.

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: Konjunkturphasen

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (47 p.)

abstract: This paper examines the effect of the major Canada-U.S. trade agreements on the dynamics of business cycles and productivity in Canada. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and its predecessor, the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (CUSFTA), have led to a substantial expansion of trade flows. Although common factors have played a larger role in explaining business cycles in Canada and the United States since the early 1980s, country-specific and idiosyncratic factors remain important for Canada. At the same time, while increased trade integration seems to have positively contributed to total factor productivity of Canadian industries, the persistence of structural differences between the two countries has prevented convergence of aggregate labor productivity. While these findings seem to weigh against moving toward a monetary union, they also suggest that substantial benefits could be reaped from further reducing remaining barriers to trade.

label: Monograph/Item

label: Kose, M. Ayhan

label: Cardarelli, R.

label: Beitragende/r


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: IMF Research Bulletin, June 2012

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372769206206441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372769206206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: International Monetary Fund.

label: International finance.

subjectslabels:
International Monetary Fund.
International finance.

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Research Bulletin; IMF Research Bulletin ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

abstract: The research summaries in the June 2012 issue of the IMF Research Bulletin are "Public Debt in Advanced Economies and Its Spillover Effects on Long-Term Yields" (by C. Emre Alper and Lorenzo Forni) and "Expansionary Fiscal Contractions: The Empirical Evidence" (by Rina Bhattacharya and Sanchita Mukherjee). The Q&A covers "Seven Questions about Income Inequality" (by Laura Feiveson). Also included in this issue are details on visiting scholars at the IMF, a listing of recently published IMF Working Papers and Staff Discussion Notes, as well as information on IMF Economic Review.

label: International Monetary Fund.. Research Department

label: Autor/in

label: International Monetary Fund


label: Datenträger

title: Annual report, Legal immigration

publishedBy: U.S. Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service, Office of Policy and Planning, Statistics Branch

publicationHistory: Ceased with fiscal year 2001.

label: jährlich

label: eingestellt

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372769846206441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372769846206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Noncitizens / United States / Statistics / Periodicals.

label: Electronic Portfolio

enumerationAndChronology: Available from 2001 until 2001.

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: U.S. legal permanent residents

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (volumes)

label: Serial

label: United States.. Immigration and Naturalization Service.. Statistics Branch


label: Online-Ressource

title: Mali

otherTitleInformation: 2025 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Mali

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99376877528606441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99376877528606441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

extent: 1 online resource (96 pages)

abstract: The 2025 Article IV Consultation discusses that Mali’s economy has shown some resilience despite significant headwinds. Economic growth is expected to reach 5 percent in 2025, supported by strong agricultural production, the start of lithium extraction and continued growth in services. Gross domestic product is expected to expand by 5 percent in 2025, lifted by stronger primary and service-sector output but held back by the gold-mine shutdown, aid cutbacks, and heightened global and domestic uncertainty. With fiscal revenues curtailed, aid flows sharply reduced, and uncertainty high, Mali is forced to do more with less. This means calibrating fiscal tightening that protects growth and shield the poor, stepping up domestic revenue mobilization, improving the quality of spending, and avoiding policy missteps that could exacerbate the situation and jeopardize future growth prospects. Meeting these needs entails clearing structural bottlenecks, managing risks, and re-engaging development partners for concessional support.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. African Dept


label: Datenträger

title: The Myth of Post-Reform Income Stagnation in Brazil

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99371417122306441

label: hbz-Ressource 99371417122306441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Inflation (Finance) / Brazil.

label: Structural adjustment (Economic policy) / Brazil.

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: Hochschule Rhein-Waal, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, Zentralbibliothek

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (36 p.)

abstract: This paper uses Engel curves to estimate real income growth in Brazil. The estimated per capita household real income growth in metropolitan areas during 1987-2002 is about 4½ percent per year, well above the "headline" growth of 1½ percent obtained by deflating nominal incomes by the CPI. This suggests a substantial CPI bias during that period, likely owing to one-off effects of trade liberalization and inflation stabilization. The estimated unmeasured gains are higher for poorer households, implying a marked reduction in "real" inequality. This finding challenges the conventional wisdom that post-reform real income growth in Brazil was low.

responsibilityStatement: Irineu de Carvalho Filho, Marcos Chamon.

label: Carvalho Filho, Irineu de

label: Autor/in

label: Chamon, Marcos

label: Beitragende/r


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: People's Republic of China-Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

otherTitleInformation: 2012 Article IV Consultation Discussions

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99377291114006441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99377291114006441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: International Monetary Fund / China / Hong Kong.

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

extent: 1 online resource (43 p.)

abstract: The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR)'s healthy labor market and supportive fiscal policy helped its domestic economy's resilience, while its gross domestic product (GDP) growth was marginally slow owing to its weak external environment. Its fiscal policy has been effective in reducing output volatility and providing timely support to help counter the impact from slowing external demand. The authorities have taken appropriate macroprudential measures to help safeguard the banking system, which should continue to be fine-tuned in line with evolving risks.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. Asia and Pacific Department


title: IMF Staff papers

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372767540406441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372767540406441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: IMF Staff Papers; IMF Staff Papers ;

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (208 pages)

abstract: The paper discusses the application of economic analysis and statistics to several questions of tax administration and legislation bearing on it. The principle of equalizing marginal administrative costs and marginal tax revenue is suggestive, but persuasive arguments can be made for spending more or less than it indicates. The marginal principle, nevertheless, is valuable as a guide for allocating a fixed appropriation that is too small to cover all remunerative activities. Human capital theory corroborates the productivity of staff training but implies that different financing arrangements may be appropriate for general and specialized training. Economic studies can help in establishing criteria for identifying cases for detailed examination or audit and in making administrative or alternative assessments where accounts are inadequate. A lump-sum, first-year depreciation allowance equal to the discounted value of normal allowances would have merit as a simple method of adjusting for inflation. Tax administrators and economists could benefit from acquaintance with the attitudes and methods of each other's discipline.

label: International Monetary Fund.. Research Department

label: Autor/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: IMF Staff Papers

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372767541206441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372767541206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

extent: 1 online resource (230 pages)

abstract: This paper discusses effects of inflation on economic development. A mild inflation may well encourage little, or no, evasion of the “inflation tax.” On the other hand, a strong inflation, and frequently a mild one also, will lead to community reactions which have effects like those of widespread tax evasion. A development policy may have wider aims than the encouragement of a high level of investment. Inflation has two effects on the desire for liquidity, which are related to the two basic reasons why individuals and businesses wish to hold liquid assets—the speculative and precautionary motives. Inflation increases the value of effective liquidity, thereby raising the community's desire for it, but it makes the most generally accepted store of liquidity unacceptable sources of protection. The control of inflation is only one of the problems facing a government wishing to encourage rapid economic development. The fight against illiteracy, the reform of bureaucratic practices, the building of basic sanitary facilities for the eradication of endemic diseases, the substitution of competitive for monopolistic trade practices, the encouragement of a widespread spirit of entrepreneurship, and the creation of an adequate amount of social capital, may be important prerequisites for rapid growth.


title: IMF Staff papers

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372767542006441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372767542006441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

extent: 1 online resource (234 pages)

abstract: This paper focuses on the IMF’s credit policy and the balance of payments. The attempts at simplicity in the construction of the IMF's models have necessarily involved recognizing the fact that models for different types of countries had to bring out different main features. In models for developing countries it was reasonable to assume that there was little organized capital market, that credit was rationed, that holdings of money were predominantly transactions balances and insensitive to interest rates, that capital flows were largely autonomous, and that the money supply tended to respond to the overseas balance. The simplification involved in the model fails to reflect some important features of economies with highly developed financial markets. The model, although it contains the major behavioral features to be found in macro models of the industrial countries, nevertheless lacks several refinements. The long-run effects on income of increases in exports or net capital inflows are identical in the two models, where imports must rise in equilibrium to match the increase in foreign receipts.

label: Monograph/Item


title: IMF Staff Papers

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372767544406441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372767544406441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: IMF Staff Papers; IMF Staff Papers ;

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (168 pages)

abstract: This paper explains the features of the Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) Franc system. All CFA countries belong to one of three monetary systems. Although their statutes and functions differ somewhat, the three central banks have various common features. All three central banks are authorized to extend short-term and medium-term credit to the private sector. Many the commercial banks operating in the CFA countries are French banks with head offices in Paris. The credit operations of the commercial banks in the CFA countries are largely dependent upon the rediscount facilities offered by the central banks. The Bank is the sole authority for issuing CFA currency in the countries of French Equatorial Africa and in Cameroon. The exchange regulations applied in the CFA countries are patterned on those of France, with adaptations decided upon by local authorities according to local conditions and requirements. While exchange transactions with the other franc area countries generally are free, those with the non-franc area are subject to licensing.

label: International Monetary Fund.. Research Department


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: The national journal of criminal defense

label: unbekannte Erscheinungsfrequenz

label: eingestellt

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 990196810230206441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 990196810230206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden

label: Zeitschriftendatenbank (ZDB)

label: Zeitschrift

label: FID-Klassifikation

label: Sondersammelgebiets-Nummer

label: DDC-Sachgruppen der ZDB

label: Recht

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: ZDB-Ressource

label: DNB-Ressource

label: EZB

label: hbz - Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Netzwerkzone

label: HeinOnline / Law Journal Library

label: Serial

responsibilityStatement: University of Houston College of Law, National College of Criminal Defense Lawyers and Public Defensers

altLabel: College of Law. National College of Criminal Defense Lawyers and Public Defenders (Houston, Tex.)

label: Herausgeber/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Output, Employment and Financial Sanctions in South Africa

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372771233906441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372771233906441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (28 pages)

abstract: The effects of the marked slowdown in the growth of the capital stock in South Africa since 1985, associated with political uncertainty and financial sanctions, and future growth prospects are quantified using a modified version of the Lewis development model. This is done by estimating production functions for the nonprimary and mining sectors of the South African economy involving skilled (white) labor, unskilled (nonwhite) labor and capital. It is concluded that each 1 percent change in the growth rata of the capital stock leads to at 0.8 percent change in output growth, and hence the fall in investment since 1985 has lead to significant falls in growth, employment and real wages.

label: Monograph/Item

label: Bayoumi, Tamim

label: Autor/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Peru

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99377193276706441

label: hbz-Ressource 99377193276706441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: IMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;

extent: 1 online resource (19 pages)

abstract: This Selected Issues paper focuses on the macroeconomic threat of illegal mining in Peru. The post-pandemic spike in metal prices has triggered a rise in illegal mining activities across the region, and Peru is the largest exporter of illegal gold in the region. If not tackled, this widespread phenomenon could jeopardize Peru’s position as a reliable destination for mining investment and ultimately erode Peru’s growth potential. Illegal mining also has extensive repercussions beyond investment, impacting labor markets, socioeconomic development, and the institutional environment. Tackling illegal mining will require efforts to close existing legal gaps and establish clear pathways to formalization. It would be important to improve the state’s capacity to combat illegal mining and adopt a supply-chain approach to enforcement, as well as supply-side policies to reduce incentives to engage in illegal mining. Revamping the fiscal decentralization framework and redesigning natural resource revenue-sharing formulas would also improve the efficiency of public investment and raise local living standards. Sectoral diversification policies would expand economic opportunities in mining communities and provide alternatives to illegality.

label: International Monetary Fund.. Western Hemisphere Dept


title: IMF Research Bulletin, December 2003

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372759687506441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372759687506441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: IMF Research Bulletin; IMF Research Bulletin ;

extent: 1 online resource (12 pages)

abstract: The IMF Research Bulletin, a quarterly publication, selectively summarizes research and analytical work done by various departments at the IMF, and also provides a listing of research documents and other research-related activities, including conferences and seminars. The Bulletin is intended to serve as a summary guide to research done at the IMF on various topics, and to provide a better perspective on the analytical underpinnings of the IMF’s operational work.

label: International Monetary Fund.. Research Department


label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99375193174506441

label: hbz-Ressource 99375193174506441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: Policy Papers; Policy Paper ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

abstract: On December 17, 2024, the IMF’s Executive Board concluded the Comprehensive Review of General Resources Account (GRA) Access Limits. The review maintained the overall annual and cumulative GRA access limits at 200 and 600 percent of current quotas, respectively, keeping them unchanged from the existing temporary limits that were set to expire at the end of 2024. These limits constitute a 38 percent increase relative to the limits set in the previous comprehensive review in 2016. The outcome of the review enables the IMF to continue meeting the evolving needs of its member countries, providing greater stability and predictability in their access to IMF resources.  The Executive Board also approved adjustments to maintain access limits in nominal (Special Drawing Rights) terms when the general conditions for the effectiveness of the quota increase under the 16th General Review of Quotas are met. This approach is consistent with the Board’s decision in the recently approved Review of Charges and the Surcharge Policy and the Review of the PRGT Facilities and Financing. The Board also agreed that the next Comprehensive Review of GRA Access Limits is expected to take place on the standard five-year review cycle, with flexibility to conduct it earlier if circumstances warrant.   The last comprehensive review of the Fund’s GRA access limits took place in February 2016, establishing an annual limit of 145 percent and a cumulative limit of 435 percent of quotas. These limits were adjusted temporarily during the COVID-19 pandemic and after the geopolitical conflicts in recent years. Most recently, they were temporarily increased in March 2023 and were set to expire at the end of 2024.  Access limits are a key element of the Fund’s risk management framework: they provide members with confidence about the possible scale of financing that the Fund is prepared to provide in support of their adjustment efforts, while safeguarding Fund resources and preserving their revolving character. Overall GRA access limits are not ceilings but thresholds for enhanced scrutiny and safeguards through the exceptional access framework.  Two staff papers informed the Executive Board’s informal engagement (November 2024) and the formal meeting (December 2024) on this review.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department

label: International Monetary Fund.. Finance Dept

label: Beitragende/r

label: International Monetary Fund.. Legal Dept


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Calendrier

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372794423606441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372794423606441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: IMF Survey; IMF Survey ;

label: Calendrier.

label: Französisch

abstract: L’édition web du Bulletin du FMI est mise à jour plusieurs fois par semaine et contient de nombreux articles sur des questions de politique générale et de politique économique d'actualité.  Accédez aux dernières recherches du FMI, lisez des interviews et écoutez des podcasts proposés par les principaux économistes du FMI sur des questions importantes de l'économie mondiale. www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/home.aspx.

label: International Monetary Fund.. External Relations Dept

label: Autor/in


title: Middle East and Central Asia

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372704934306441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372704934306441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Income distribution.

label: Income distribution / Middle East.

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: Verteilung von Einkommen und Vermögen

subjectslabels:
Income distribution.
Income distribution / Middle East.

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (41 p.)

abstract: Gender budgeting uses fiscal policies to promote gender equality and women’s advancement, but is struggling to take hold in the Middle East and Central Asia. We provide an overview of two gender budgeting efforts in the region—Morocco and Afghanistan. Achievements in these two countries include increasing female primary and secondary education enrollment rates and reducing maternal mortality. But the region not only needs to use fiscal policies for women’s advancement, but also reform tax and financial laws, enforce laws that assure women’s safety in public, and change laws that prevent women from taking advantage of employment opportunities.

label: Monograph/Item

label: Kolovich, Lisa

label: Shibuya, Sakina


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Europe’s National-Level Structural Reform Priorities

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99376877516306441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99376877516306441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Electronic Portfolio

extent: 1 online resource (46 pages)

abstract: Europe has a large and persistent per capita income gap with the United States. Deficiencies in total factor productivity, labor utilization, and capital intensity all play a role. While deeper intra-Europe integration is one key element towards closing these gaps, remaining structural domestic policy gaps with respect to most growth-friendly regulatory settings highlight the scope for complementary policy action at the national level. This paper compiles IMF staff’s structural policy priorities for European countries to lift output over the medium term, reviews key implementation challenges, and discusses complementarities with EU-level efforts. While addressing these domestic reform priorities will require overcoming long-standing political economy and—in some cases—technical obstacles to reform, successful implementation could entail sizeable medium-term gains of around 5, 7 and 9 percent for advanced European, Central Eastern and Southeastern European, and Western Balkan economies, respectively.

responsibilityStatement: Nina Budina, Oyun Adilbish, Diego Cerdeiro, Romain Duval, Balázs Égert, Dmitriy Kovtun, Anh Thi Ngoc Nguyen, Augustus Panton, Michelle Tejada.

label: Budina, Nina

label: Autor/in

label: Adilbish, Oyun

label: Beitragende/r

label: Cerdeiro, Diego

label: Duval, Romain

label: Kovtun, Dmitriy

label: Nguyen, Anh Thi Ngoc

label: Égert, Balázs


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: The law magazine

label: unbekannte Erscheinungsfrequenz

label: eingestellt

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 990164939280206441

label: hbz-Ressource 990164939280206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden

label: Zeitschriftendatenbank (ZDB)

label: Zeitschrift

label: Entscheidungssammlung

label: FID-Klassifikation

label: Sondersammelgebiets-Nummer

label: DDC-Sachgruppen der ZDB

label: Recht

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: ZDB-Ressource

label: DNB-Ressource

label: EZB

label: The law magazine

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: hbz - Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Netzwerkzone

label: HeinOnline / Law Journal Library

label: Law magazine and law review

label: Serial


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: The German American law journal

label: unbekannte Erscheinungsfrequenz

label: eingestellt

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 990190709030206441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 990190709030206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden

label: Zeitschriftendatenbank (ZDB)

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Zeitschrift

label: The German American law journal

label: Englisch

label: German American Law Association

label: Herausgeber/in


label: Datenträger

title: Democratic Republic of the Congo

otherTitleInformation: Second Review Under the Extended Credit Facility Arrangement, Requests for a Waiver of Nonobservance of a Performance Criterion, Modification of Quantitative Performance Criteria, and Financing Assurances Review; and First Review Under the Resilience and Sustainability Facility Arrangement and Request for Rephasing of Access-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Democratic Republic of the Congo

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99376877521506441

label: hbz-Ressource 99376877521506441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

extent: 1 online resource (131 pages)

abstract: This paper discusses Democratic Republic of the Congo’s (DRC) Second Review under the Extended Credit Facility Arrangement, Requests for a Waiver of Nonobservance of a Performance Criterion, Modification of Quantitative Performance Criteria, and Financing Assurances Review; and First Review under the Resilience and Sustainability Facility Arrangement and Request for Rephasing of Access. The DRC’s economy has remained resilient despite the persistence of the armed conflict in the eastern part of the country, which continues to exert significant pressure on public finances. A cautious, data-dependent monetary policy is appropriate. High uncertainties underscore the importance of carefully monitoring liquidity conditions and standing ready to adjust monetary policy as needed. Measures to improve monetary policy transparency and communication and strengthen central bank autonomy would help to anchor expectations. The authorities have kept momentum on structural reforms, and all but one performance criteria were met. Looking ahead, sustained fiscal discipline, stronger coordination between fiscal and monetary policies, and accelerated structural reforms remain critical.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. African Dept

label: Autor/in


label: Online-Ressource

title: Montenegro

otherTitleInformation: 2025 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; and Staff Report

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99376877527306441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99376877527306441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

extent: 1 online resource (79 pages)

abstract: The 2025 Article IV Consultation highlights that Montenegro's economy has shown resilience following the pandemic, with growth averaging 9 percent annually from 2021–2023, driven by tourism recovery and affluent migrant inflows. However, growth moderated to 3.2 percent in 2024 and 2025 due to softening tourism and rising inflation. Fiscal challenges have emerged, with the deficit projected to widen to 3.6 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2025, driven by reduced pension contributions under the Europe Now programs. Public debt, which declined post-pandemic, is expected to rise gradually, reaching 65 percent of GDP by 2030. Structural reforms are critical to address long-term spending pressures from aging, health, and climate change. The banking sector remains healthy, but rapid credit growth and rising real estate prices warrant close monitoring. EU accession, targeted for 2028, offers an anchor for reforms to diversify the economy, enhance fiscal sustainability, and improve resilience to external shocks.  Climate adaptation and investment in renewable energy are essential to mitigate risks and maintain competitiveness.

label: International Monetary Fund.. European Dept


label: Datenträger

title: IMF Research Bulletin June 2013

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372774507406441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372774507406441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: International finance.

label: Economic development / Research.

subjectslabels:
International finance.
Economic development / Research.

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: IMF Research Bulletin; IMF Research Bulletin ;

label: Englisch

abstract: The June issue of the IMF Research Bulletin looks at the role of IMF programs and capacity building in fostering structural reforms and the economics of Arab countries undergoing political transitions. The Q&A analyzes the neutral interest rate through the experiences of several Latin American countries. The Research Bulletin also includes its regular features: a listing of IMF Working Papers and Staff Discussion Notes, information on the forthcoming IMF Economic Review and the Fourteenth Jacques Polack Annual Research Conference, and recommended readings from IMF Publications.

label: Kose, M. Ayhan

label: Loungani, Prakash

label: Beitragende/r

label: International Monetary Fund


label: Online-Ressource

title: German-Central European Supply Chain-Cluster Report

otherTitleInformation: Staff Report, First Background Note, Second Background Note, Third Background Note

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372704336306441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372704336306441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Business logistics / Europe, Central.

label: Business logistics / Germany.

subjectslabels:
Business logistics / Europe, Central.
Business logistics / Germany.

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

extent: 1 online resource (88 p.)

abstract: This paper discusses key findings of the Cluster Report on German-Central European Supply Chain (GCESC). Since the 1990s, a GCESC has evolved, manufacturing goods for export to the rest of the world. Reflecting this, bilateral trade linkages between Germany and the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and the Slovak Republic (CE4) have expanded rapidly. Participation in the GCESC has led to technology transfers to CE4 countries and accelerated income convergence. Export growth in knowledge-intensive sectors has been particularly rapid in the CE4. It is also observed that complementarities between supply chain activities and domestic production have led to greater synchronization of the business cycle among GCESC countries.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. European Department

label: Autor/in


label: Datenträger

title: Austria

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372704447206441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372704447206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Economic development / Austria.

label: Austria / Economic conditions.

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

subjectslabels:
Economic development / Austria.
Austria / Economic conditions.

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (49 p.)

abstract: This paper presents details of Austria’s 2013 Article IV Consultation. Austria has been growing economically but is facing challenges in the financial sector. Full implementation of medium-term fiscal adjustment plans require specifying several measures and plans that need gradual strengthening to take expected further bank restructuring cost into account. It suggests that strong early bank intervention and resolution tools, a better designed deposit insurance system, and a bank-financed resolution fund would help reduce the need for budgetary support to any troubled banks in the future.

label: International Monetary Fund

label: Beitragende/r


label: Online-Ressource

title: Regional Economic Outlook, October 2009, Asia and Pacific

alternativeTitle: Asia and Pacific : regional economic outlook

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372689839506441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372689839506441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Economic forecasting / Asia.

label: Economic forecasting / Pacific Area.

label: Asia / Economic conditions.

label: Asia / Economic conditions / Statistics.

label: Pacific Area / Economic conditions.

label: Pacific Area / Economic conditions / Statistics.

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: Regional Economic Outlook

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

extent: 1 online resource (84 p.)

abstract: Asia has rebounded fast from the depth of the global crisis. Initially, the region was hit extremely hard, with output in most countries shrinking by much more than even those nations at the epicenter of the crisis. But starting in February 2009, Asia's economy began to revive. Exports and industrial production have increased again, financial pressures have eased, confidence has largely been restored. What explains this remarkable comeback? What challenges does the recovery pose to Asian policymakers? These are the main questions addressed in the IMF's October 2009 "Regional Economic Outlook: Asia and Pacific." The report discusses the latest developments in Asia, examines the prospects for the period ahead, and considers the policy steps needed to sustain the recovery and rebalance Asia's medium-term growth. Published biannually in May and October.

label: International Monetary Fund.. Asia and Pacific Department


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Uruguay

otherTitleInformation: 2025 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Uruguay

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99376877535606441

label: hbz-Ressource 99376877535606441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: IMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (89 pages)

abstract: The 2025 Article IV Consultation discusses that Uruguay’s economy rebounded strongly in 2024 driven by a surge in agricultural exports. Growth is expected to moderate at 2.5 percent in 2025, driven by consumption and investment, fueled by the post-pandemic recovery of real wages and reduction in domestic uncertainty. While IMF staff assesses the direct impact of global trade tensions as modest, Uruguay’s economy remains sensitive to commodity price movements, global financial conditions, and regional developments. The financial sector is well-positioned to withstand severe funding pressures and macro-financial shocks. The new administration’s momentum creates opportunities to strengthen macroeconomic stability and institutions and undertake structural reforms. The five-year budget draft law projects lowering the deficit to stabilize debt in the medium term below a new debt anchor, and the new fiscal framework seeks to strengthen credibility and promote fiscal discipline. However, further efforts are recommended to put debt on a downward path. Monetary policy has been appropriately contractionary, bringing inflation and inflation expectations to the target.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. Western Hemisphere Dept

label: Autor/in


title: This Is Going to Hurt: Weather Anomalies, Supply Chain Pressures and Inflation

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99374258533406441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99374258533406441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;

extent: 1 online resource (31 pages)

abstract: As climate change accelerates, the frequency and severity of extreme weather events are expected to worsen and have greater adverse consequences for ecosystems, physical infrastructure, and economic activity across the world. This paper investigates how weather anomalies affect global supply chains and inflation dynamics. Using monthly data for six large and well-diversified economies (China, the Euro area, Japan, Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States) over the period 1997-2021, we implement a structural vector autoregressive model and document that weather anomalies could disrupt supply chains and subsequently lead to inflationary pressures. Our results—based on high-frequency data and robust to alternative estimation methodologies—show that these effects vary across countries, depending on the severity of weather shocks and vulnerability to supply chain disruptions. The impact of weather shocks on supply chains and inflation dynamics is likely to become more pronounced with accelerating climate change that can have non-linear effects. These findings have important policy implications. Central bankers should consider the impact of weather anomalies on supply chains and inflation dynamics to prevent entrenching second-round effects and de-anchoring of inflation expectations. More directly, however, governments can invest more for climate change adaptation to strengthen critical infrastructure and thereby minimize supply chain disruptions.

label: Cevik, Serhan

label: Gwon, Gyowon

label: Beitragende/r


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Japan

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372705194506441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372705194506441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Japan / Economic policy.

label: Japan / Economic conditions.

subjectslabels:
Japan / Economic policy.
Japan / Economic conditions.

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

extent: 1 online resource (59 p.)

abstract: This 2013 Article IV Consultation highlights that on the back of new policy framework, growth in Japan accelerated sharply in early 2013. First quarter GDP growth rose to 4.1 percent (seasonally adjusted annual rate) after two quarters of stagnation. Rising equity values stimulated consumption, and exports rebounded supported by strong regional demand and a weaker yen. Inflation expectations have started to increase, and actual inflation recorded positive growth in June. The near-term outlook has improved considerably, buoyed by stimulus. In 2014, growth is expected to moderate to 1.2 percent.

label: International Monetary Fund.. Asia and Pacific Department


title: IMF Research Bulletin, September 2012

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372774267806441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372774267806441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: International Monetary Fund.

label: International finance.

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: Internationale Banken für Währungsstabilisierung und Zahlungsbilanz

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: IMF Research Bulletin; IMF Research Bulletin ;

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (18 p.)

abstract: The research summaries in the September 2012 issue of the IMF Research Bulletin are "Surges in Capital Flows: Why History Repeats Itself" (by Mahvash S. Qureshi) and "The LIC-BRIC Linkage: Growth Spillovers" (by Issouf Samake, Yongzheng Yang, and Catherine Pattillo). The Q&A covers "Seven Questions on Monetary Transmission in Low-Income Countries" (by Prachi Mishra and Peter Montiel). "Conversations with a Visiting Scholar" features an interview with IMF Fellow Olivier Coibion. Also included in this issue are details on the IMF Fellowship Program, visiting scholars at the IMF, a listing of recently published IMF Working Papers and Staff Discussion Notes, and an announcement on IMF Economic Review's first Impact Factor.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. Research Department

label: Autor/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Liberia

otherTitleInformation: Third Review Under the Extended Credit Facility Arrangement and Request for Waiver of Nonobservance of Performance Criterion and Modification of Performance Criteria

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372707088906441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372707088906441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Economic indicators / Liberia.

label: Economic development / Liberia.

label: Liberia / Economic policy.

subjectslabels:
Economic indicators / Liberia.
Economic development / Liberia.
Liberia / Economic policy.

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

extent: 1 online resource (98 p.)

abstract: This paper focuses on Liberia’s Third Review Under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) Arrangement and Request for Waiver of Nonobservance of Performance Criterion (PC) and Modification of Performance Criteria. Real GDP grew at 8.7 percent in 2013 and is projected to decline to 5.9 percent in 2014 as mining production decelerates. Most end-December 2013 PCs and indicative targets (ITs) were met, except for the PC on government revenue and the IT on external borrowing. Four out of five structural benchmarks were met on time. The IMF staff supports the completion of the third ECF review.

label: International Monetary Fund.. African Department


title: Montenegro

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372705533006441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372705533006441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Finance / Montenegro.

label: Montenegro / Economic conditions.

subjectslabels:
Finance / Montenegro.
Montenegro / Economic conditions.

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (61 p.)

abstract: This 2013 Article IV Consultation highlights that Montenegro’s recovery from the collapse of the lending boom in 2008 has been slowed by the debt overhang that remains in the private sector. Output contracted in 2012 because of unusually severe winter weather early in the year, as well as a sharp decline in aluminum production as the financial position of the troubled aluminum company (KAP) continued to worsen. Activity picked up in early 2013 as more favorable weather conditions resulted in a sharp increase in hydro-based electricity production. A sustained, multi-year fiscal consolidation effort is needed to reduce the public debt burden to an appropriately low level in the medium term.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. European Department

label: International Monetary Fund

label: Beitragende/r


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: The Managing Director's Global Policy Agenda Spring Meetings 2026

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99376877532906441

label: hbz-Ressource 99376877532906441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: Policy Papers; Policy Paper ;

extent: 1 online resource (8 pages)

abstract: The world faces the spillovers of a new war. In addition to the human toll, the economic effects of the war in the Middle East are global, and will once again hit the poorest and most vulnerable countries the hardest. This comes at a time when policy space has eroded and international cooperation is weaker. The appropriate policy response depends on how the shock propagates through the domestic economy, calling for pragmatism and agility, backed by credible policy frameworks. The IMF stands ready to deploy all its tools to assist the membership. We will support good policymaking—advising also that this new test must not derail essential medium-term priorities—and provide balance of payments financing where needed.

label: International Monetary Fund.. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department

label: Autor/in


title: Principality of Andorra

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99377009359506441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99377009359506441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: IMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

extent: 1 online resource (34 pages)

abstract: This Selected Issues paper develops a mixed-frequency nowcasting framework to provide a timely estimate of quarterly gross domestic product (GDP) growth in Andorra using high-frequency indicators. The results confirm the central role of tourism-related variables and external conditions—particularly Spain’s GDP growth—in explaining short-term fluctuations in activity. Overall, the framework delivers a transparent real-time estimate of GDP ahead of its release. The analysis highlights important data limitations, most notably in capturing construction activity at high frequency. The available proxies only partially reflect sectoral dynamics: either because they do not fully capture labor and imported inputs or because combining them leads to multicollinearity, suggesting that the contribution to growth may be underestimated. A replication package is available upon request and will be made available to the authorities. The package includes an annotated Stata code covering data preparation, the Bayesian Model Averaging indicators selection, and the estimation of the mixed-frequency dynamic factor model. This allows the framework to be easily updated as new data becomes available and adapted by the authorities for ongoing monitoring.

label: International Monetary Fund.. European Dept