title: Mauritania

alternativeTitle: Mauritania: First Review under the Three-Year Arrangement Under the Extended Credit Facility-Staff Report and Press Release

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label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: IMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (69 pages)

abstract: This paper provides on analysis of the IMF's projections and estimates for Mauritania on gross domestic product by sector of origin at constant 1985 prices; growth of output by sector; gross domestic product and expenditures and savings at current prices; public utility rates; net production of electricity and water; civil service size and recruitment; consolidated government revenue, expenditures, and financial operations; treasury expenditure; monetary survey; balance of payments; services; assets and liabilities of the central bank and commercial banks; public investment program and its financing during 1995–99; summary of the tax systems, 2000, and so on.


type: BibliographicResource Periodical

label: Print

title: Journal der Fischerei

otherTitleInformation: e. fortlfd. Samml. in zwanglosen H. d. Neuesten u. alles dessen, was d. Fischerei, namentl. Angelkunde etc. in sich faßt

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label: Universitätsbibliothek J. C. Senckenberg, Zentralbibliothek (ZB)

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label: Zeitschrift

notation: BIODIV

label: FID-Klassifikation

label: DDC-Sachgruppen der ZDB

label: Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

version: sdnb

label: Hauswirtschaft und Familienleben

label: Hauswirtschaft und Familie

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label: hbz - Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Netzwerkzone

label: Deutsch

label: Serial


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: The Susquehanna legal chronicle

publicationHistory: 1.1878/79; damit Ersch. eingest.

label: unbekannte Erscheinungsfrequenz

note: Volltext nur als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar

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label: Zeitschrift

notation: INTRECHT

label: Sondersammelgebiets-Nummer

label: Recht

label: EZB

label: HeinOnline / Law Journal Library

extent: Online-Ressource


type: BibliographicResource Book

title: IMF Survey, Volume 30, Issue 19

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type: Item DigitalDocument

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Survey; IMF Survey No 0030/019

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (16 pages)

note: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

abstract: The Web edition of the IMF Survey is updated several times a week, and contains a wealth of articles about topical policy and economic issues in the news. Access the latest IMF research, read interviews, and listen to podcasts given by top IMF economists on important issues in the global economy. www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/home.aspx.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. External Relations Department

label: Autor/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: The Forum

alternativeTitle: Forum review ( Hauptsacht. 1.1874,Jan. )

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label: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden

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label: The Forum

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label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Juvenile Court of the District of Columbia. Message from the President of the United States transmitting a letter from the judge of the Juvenile Court of the District of Columbia submitting a report covering the work of the Juvenile Court during the period from July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1926. March 2, 1927. -- Read ; referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia and ordered to be printed

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label: Freie Verschlagwortung

label: District of Columbia.Juvenile Court.

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Criminal justice, Administration of.

label: Crime.

label: Criminals.

label: Desertion and non-support.

label: Juvenile courts.

label: Juvenile delinquency.

label: Juvenile detention homes.

label: Law.

label: Legislation.

label: Statistics.

subjectslabels:
District of Columbia.Juvenile Court.
Criminal justice, Administration of.
Crime.
Criminals.
Desertion and non-support.
Juvenile courts.
Juvenile delinquency.
Juvenile detention homes.
Law.
Legislation.
Statistics.

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: Senate document / 69th Congress, 2nd session. Senate ;

label: [United States congressional serial set] ;

numbering: [serial no. 8706]

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (170 pages) : tables.

note: Part I: The delinquent child and the law, by Dr. Raymond W. Murray, C.S.S., p. 1.

note: Batch processed record: Metadata reviewed, not verified. Some fields updated by batch processes.

label: Monograph/Item

label: Coolidge, Calvin

label: Beitragende/r

label: Murray, Raymond William

label: United States.. Congress.. Senate

label: Autor/in

label: United States.. President (1923-1929 : Coolidge)

label: District of Columbia.. Juvenile Court


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Aruba’s Demographics and Its Potential Impact on the Labor Market and Output

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label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Selected Issues Papers; Selected Issues Paper ;

extent: 1 online resource (21 pages)

abstract: Historically, Aruba benefited from population growth that expanded the labor force, thereby boosting productivity and fostering economic growth—a phenomenon known as the “demographic dividend”. However, declining fertility rates and a rapidly aging population are altering the balance between the economically active working population and those dependent on them. This study analyzes recent demographic trends and their potential impact on the labor markets and medium-term growth. Then, it discusses policies that could help to increase labor force participation (LFP) and reduce bottlenecks on further growth.

responsibilityStatement: Olga Bespalova, Justin Matz, Toyosi Oyo, Marco Arena.

label: Bespalova, Olga

label: Arena, Marco

label: Matz, Justin

label: Oyo, Toyosi


title: Central Bank Digital Currency

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99376877681306441

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label: Electronic Portfolio

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: Policy Papers; Policy Paper ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (23 pages)

abstract: This paper informs the Executive Board about recent developments in central bank digital currency (CBDC), and summarizes the key messages and findings from the third wave of CBDC virtual Handbook chapters published in November 2025. Both retail (rCBDC) and wholesale (wCBDC) CBDC explorations are advancing, with wholesale projects gaining prominence. Countries are in various stages of CBDC development, ranging from near-term issuance to pausing rCBDC efforts due to limited domestic needs. This set of six Handbook chapters covers macro-financial topics including the implications of rCBDCs for (1) financial stability and (2) payments competition; legal and regulatory themes such as (3) selected legal considerations and (4) financial integrity. It draws lessons from (5) payment ecosystem resilience in fragile and conflict-affected states for CBDC, and also sheds light on the emerging area of (6) tokenized reserves. The Handbook, financially supported by the Government of Japan, provides technical frameworks and guidance for policymakers especially in emerging markets, to assess CBDC’s potential and tradeoffs. It is not intended to evaluate CBDC’s overall appropriateness, which is left to policymakers given domestic circumstances.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund

label: Autor/in


type: BibliographicResource Statistics Book

label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Characteristics of diversity legal permanent residents: 2004

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372842336906441

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label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372842336906441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Noncitizens / United States / Statistics.

label: Green cards / Statistics.

label: Immigrants / United States / Statistics.

label: United States / Emigration and immigration / Statistics.

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: Fact sheet / Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Statistics

extent: 1 online resource (2 pages) : color illustrations.

note:
"December 2005."
"Policy Directorate."

label: Jefferys, Kelly

label: United States.. Office of Immigration Statistics

label: Beitragende/r


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Implementation of the State Legalization Impact Assistance Grants under the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, state of Florida

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372842703006441

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label: SLIAG (Program)

label: United States.

label: Noncitizens / Services for / Finance / Auditing. / Florida

label: Federal aid to public welfare / States / Auditing. / United States

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (40 unnumbered pages)

label: Monograph/Item

responsibilityStatement: Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General, Office of Analysis and Inspections.

label: United States.. Department of Health and Human Services.. Office of Inspector General.. Office of Analysis and Inspections

label: Autor/in

label: United States.. Department of Health and Human Services.. Office of Inspector General.. Office of Evaluation and Inspections


label: Datenträger

title: The Law journal for...

publicationHistory: Vol.1, (Hilary and Easter terms 1803)-Vol. 2 (Trinity term, 43 Geo.III to Michaelis term, 44 Geo.III 1803/1804)

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label: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden

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label: EZB

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label: HeinOnline / Law Journal Library

label: Law journal

label: Serial

responsibilityStatement: conducted by John Morgan and Thomas Walter Williams

label: Williams, Thomas Walter

altLabel:
Williams, Thomas W.
Walter Williams, Thomas

label: Herausgeber/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Resilience by Design

otherTitleInformation: What Role Can Policy Frameworks Play in the Middle East and Central Asia?

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99377311960306441

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label: lobid Organisation

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (29 pages)

abstract: The changing global economic landscape is likely to expose the Middle East, North Africa, and Pakistan (MENAP) and Caucasus and Central Asia (CCA) regions to more frequent external shocks, putting a premium on resilient and flexible macroeconomic policy frameworks. By using empirical analysis and model-based scenarios, this paper highlights the important roles of policy frameworks in stabilizing MENAP and CCA economies against adverse global shocks. Two messages stand out from the analysis. First, as countries make progress toward diversifying their exports and deepening domestic financial markets, credible inflation-targeting monetary policy regimes that allow greater exchange rate flexibility could enable faster adjustment to adverse global shocks. Second, adopting strong fiscal rules could help better anchor long-term expectations, reduce risk premiums, and help support countercyclical fiscal responses.

label: Monograph/Item

responsibilityStatement: Hasan Dudu, Troy Matheson, Dirk Muir, Karmen Naidoo, Salem Nechi, Pedro Rodriguez.

label: Dudu, Hasan

label: Autor/in

label: Matheson, Troy

label: Beitragende/r

label: Muir, Dirk

label: Naidoo, Karmen

label: Nechi, Salem

label: Rodriguez, Pedro


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Pension Privatization and Country Risk

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99371412949906441

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label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Pensions / Econometric models.

label: Privatization / Econometric models.

label: Debts, Public / Econometric models.

label: Country risk / Econometric models.

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: Renten

subjectslabels:
Pensions / Econometric models.
Privatization / Econometric models.
Debts, Public / Econometric models.
Country risk / Econometric models.

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: Hochschule Rhein-Waal, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, Zentralbibliothek

label: OCLC-Ressource

extent: 1 online resource (27 p.)

note: Description based upon print version of record.

abstract: This paper explores how privatizing a pension system can affect sovereign credit risk. For this purpose, it analyzes the importance that rating agencies give to implicit pension debt (IPD) in their assessments of sovereign creditworthiness. We find that rating agencies generally do not seem to give much weight to IPD, focusing instead on explicit public debt. However, by channeling pension contributions away from the government and creating a deficit of resources to cover the current pension liabilities during the reform's transition period, a pension privatization reform may transform IPD into explicit public debt, adversely affecting a sovereign's perceived creditworthiness, thus increasing its risk premium. In this light, accompanying pension reform with efforts to offset its transition costs through fiscal adjustment would help preserve a country's credit rating.

responsibilityStatement: Alfredo Cuevas, Maria Gonzalez, Arnoldo López-Marmolejo, Davide Lombardo.

label: Cuevas, Alfredo

label: Gonzalez, Maria

label: Lombardo, Davide

label: López-Marmolejo, Arnoldo


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Volatility of Development Aid

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99371412975606441

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label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99371412975606441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Economic assistance.

label: International economic relations.

subjectslabels:
Economic assistance.
International economic relations.

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (32 p.)

abstract: The positive impact of foreign aid is limited by the erratic behavior of aid flows. The introduction in 1999 of various initiatives anchored in Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) which were aimed at strengthening coordination among donors, improving the design of financial support programs, and improving domestic records of policy implementation should have led to an improvement in the time series properties of aid flows. We find no evidence of any fundamental changes in the way aid has been delivered in the past five years. If anything, aid volatility has worsened somewhat and the information value of long-term lending commitments has declined. We take these results to mean that the main causes of the volatility and unpredictability of aid, and the broader issue of macroeconomic instability in low-income countries, have not been addressed in a systematic manner by the donor community.

label: Monograph/Item

label: Hamann, A.

label: Autor/in

label: Buliř, Aleš

label: Beitragende/r

label: IMF Institute


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Clearinghouse review

label: unbekannte Erscheinungsfrequenz

label: eingestellt

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 990113572690206441

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label: Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg

label: Zeitschriftendatenbank (ZDB)

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label: Zeitschrift

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label: Recht

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label: ZDB-Ressource

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label: EZB

label: Clearinghouse review / National Clearinghouse for Legal Services

label: hbz - Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Netzwerkzone

label: HeinOnline / Law Journal Library

label: Clearinghouse review / National Institute for Education in Law and Poverty. Northwestern University School of Law

label: Clearinghouse review

label: Serial

label: National Clearinghouse for Legal Services (Chicago, Ill.)


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Finances & Développement, décembre 2012

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372770011806441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372770011806441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Business economics and finance.

label: Business enterprises / Law and legislation.

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: Finance & Development; Finance & Development No 0049/004

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Finances & Développement, décembre 2012.

label: Französisch

extent: 1 online resource (60 p.)

abstract: En distribuant des moustiquaires pour combattre le paludisme, en construisant des écoles, ou bien encore en offrant un assainissement de base, la philanthropie aide à transformer le monde en développement. De riches donateurs consacrent des fortunes — souvent bâties dans les logiciels, le spectacle ou le capital-risque — pour vaincre la pauvreté et promouvoir le bien-être, servant d’appoint à l’aide publique, ou parfois même la dépassant. De Bill et Melinda Gates et Warren Buffett à Aliko Dangote et George Soros, les titans du capitalisme financent de nobles causes. Qu’il s’agisse de créer de nouveaux vaccins, de construire des bibliothèques ou de protéger la forêt amazonienne, les philanthropes appuient l’innovation sous toutes ses formes pour améliorer les conditions de vie et nourrir les aspirations. Ce numéro de F&D examine le monde de la philanthropie ciblée et de l’entreprenariat social. «La philanthropie a un rôle d’amorçage», déclare Bill Gates, le cofondateur de Microsoft, et le plus généreux donateur de la planète.  «La fondation s’efforce de mettre en place un système qui permette aux forces du marché d’œuvrer en faveur des pauvres». Selon lui, l’effet de catalyse de la philanthropie peut être déterminant.  «Les bonnes idées ont besoin d’apôtres et les laissés-pour-compte de défenseurs». L’ex-président Bill Clinton explique que les réseaux de coopération créative entre les États, les entreprises et la société civile peuvent mieux réussir à résoudre les problèmes les plus pressants de la planète. Prakash Loungani brosse le portrait de l’économiste superstar  Jeffrey Sachs, champion de l’allègement de la dette et des objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement. Nous examinons en quoi les pays pauvres peuvent avoir intérêt à distribuer une partie des recettes exceptionnelles qu'ils tirent des ressources naturelles au lieu de financer des investissements pouvant être source de corruption. La rubrique Gros plan explique ce que font les banques centrales pour combattre la crise dans les pays avancés. Enfin, nous découvrons en quoi la croissance chinoise est une source de créativité pour le monde occidental.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund

label: Autor/in

label: Beitragende/r


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Determinants of Bank Interest Margins in the Caucasus and Central Asia

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372770148506441

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label: Software lobid-resources

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label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Freie Verschlagwortung

label: Bank management.

label: Banks and banking.

label: International finance.

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

subjectslabels:
Bank management.
Banks and banking.
International finance.

label: IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (46 p.)

abstract: In this paper, we use a bank-level panel dataset to investigate the determinants of bank interest margins in the Caucasus and Central Asia (CCA) over the period 1998–2013. We apply the dealership model of Ho and Saunders (1981) and its extensions to assess the extent to which high spreads of banks in the CCA can be related to bank-specific variables, to competition, and to macroeconomic factors. We find that interest spreads are affected by operating cost, credit risk, liquidity risk, bank size, bank diversification, banking sector competition, and macroeconomic policies; but the impact depends on the country.

label: Almarzoqi, Raja

label: Ben Naceur, Samy


label: Datenträger

title: The law students' journal

publicationHistory: 1.1879 - 39.1917; damit Ersch. eingest.

label: unbekannte Erscheinungsfrequenz

label: eingestellt

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 990190709550206441

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label: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden

label: Zeitschriftendatenbank (ZDB)

label: Zeitschrift

label: FID-Klassifikation

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label: Recht

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label: OCLC-Ressource

label: ZDB-Ressource

label: DNB-Ressource

label: EZB

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: hbz - Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Netzwerkzone

label: HeinOnline / Law Journal Library

label: Serial


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: IMF Staff papers

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372767540906441

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label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372767540906441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: IMF Staff Papers; IMF Staff Papers ;

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (198 pages)

abstract: This paper examines the validity of the hypothesis that the level of the real wage rate, inclusive of employers’ expenditures for social insurance and employment or payroll taxes, is a major obstacle to a return to high employment in industrial countries. The hypothesis is tested by estimating a production function, solving it for the real wage rate that would be consistent with the high-employment level of labor input given the existing capital stock, and comparing this warranted wage with the actual real wage. The disequilibrium real wage rate hypothesis is based largely on the observation that, at least in manufacturing, the real wage rate defined from the employer’s standpoint—that is, the nominal wage rate deflated by the value-added deflator rather than by the consumer price index—has tended to grow faster than labor productivity during the past decade and a half. Voluntarily or as a result of government regulation, firms purchase equipment that produces products that are omitted from the measured gross national product (GNP).

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. Research Department

label: Autor/in


label: Datenträger

title: IMF Staff papers

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372767542506441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372767542506441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

extent: 1 online resource (260 pages)

abstract: In this paper, various policy instruments at the disposal of national governments for dealing with the problem of disruptive international capital flows or, more generally, the problem of temporary and reversible payments imbalances, are passed in review. The instruments examined include: separate (dual) exchange markets for capital and current transactions; taxes and subsidies affecting capital transactions or income from capital; official intervention in forward exchange markets; monetary or interest rate policies (including the fiscal-monetary mix); official financing or use of reserves; and floating unitary exchange rates and wider margins. Attention is focused on the device of dual exchange markets, which is evaluated in comparison with each of the other approaches from the standpoint of allocative effects, scope, enforceability, flexibility, and so on. Dual markets, if conducted on appropriate lines, are found to compare favourably overall with most of the other policies, except for floating unitary rates. The paper closes with a suggestion for a system of dual exchange markets with floating rates (subject to appropriate official intervention) on both markets.


label: Online-Ressource

title: Iraq

otherTitleInformation: 2017 Article IV Consultation and Second Review under the Three-Year Stand-by Arrangement-and Requests for Waivers of Nonobservance and Applicability of Performance Criteria, and Modification of Performance Criteria-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Iraq

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372705122506441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372705122506441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Fiscal policy.

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: Einsatz finanzpolitischer Instrumente

label: IMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;

extent: 1 online resource (138 pages).

abstract: This 2017 Article IV Consultation highlights a double shock facing Iraq as a result of the conflict with the Islamic State and the plunge in oil prices. In 2016, real GDP increased by 11 percent owing to a 25 percent increase in oil production, which was little affected by the conflict with the Islamic State. Falling oil prices have driven the decline in Iraq’s international reserves from $54 billion at the end of 2015 to $45 billion at the end of 2016. Medium-term growth prospects are positive. Growth will be driven by the projected moderate increase in oil production and the rebound in non-oil growth supported by the expected improvement in security and implementation of structural reform.

label: International Monetary Fund.. Middle East and Central Asia Dept


title: Bangladesh

otherTitleInformation: 2025 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Bangladesh

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99376877522506441

label: hbz-Ressource 99376877522506441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (92 pages)

abstract: The 2025 Article IV Consultation discusses that Bangladesh’s economic growth has slowed recently, while inflation has remained elevated. The economy is expected to recover gradually over the medium term. With implementation of policies to mobilize tax revenue and address financial sector vulnerabilities, growth is projected to rebound to 4.7 percent in FY26 and gradually accelerate to around 6 percent over the medium term. Inflation is projected to remain elevated at 8.9 percent in FY26 before subsiding to around 6 percent in FY27. Risks to the outlook are tilted to the downside, mainly from delayed or inadequate policy action and reversals of exchange rate reform and fiscal discipline. Comprehensive structural reforms to strengthen governance, enhance transparency, and promote export diversification are prerequisites for attracting foreign direct investment and ensuring inclusive development. Legal and central bank governance reforms should be aligned with best international practices. Building resilience to natural disasters remains a top priority. Continued policy and reform efforts are essential to advance climate-resilient infrastructure, effectively manage fiscal and financial risks associated with climate-related events, and accelerate climate finance.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. Asia and Pacific Dept

label: Autor/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Power Hungry

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99376877526206441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99376877526206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

extent: 1 online resource (32 pages)

abstract: The development and deployment of large language models like ChatGPT across the world requires expanding data centers that consume vast amounts of electricity. Using descriptive statistics and a multi-country computable general equilibrium model (IMF-ENV), we examine how AI-driven data center growth affects electricity consumption, electricity prices, and carbon emissions. Our analysis of national accounts reveals AI-producing sectors in the U.S. have grown nearly triple the rate of the private non-farm business sector, with firm-level evidence showing electricity costs for vertically integrated AI companies nearly doubled between 2019-2023. Simulating AI scenarios in the IMF-ENV model based on projected data center power consumption up to 2030, we find the AI boom will cause manageable but varying increases in energy prices and emissions depending on policies and infrastructure constraints. Under scenarios with constrained growth in renewable energy capacity and limited expansion of transmission infrastructure, U.S. electricity prices could increase by 8.6%, while U.S. and global carbon emissions would rise by 5.5% and 1.2% respectively under current policies. Our findings highlight the importance of aligning energy policies with AI development to support this technological revolution, while mitigating environmental impacts.

responsibilityStatement: Christian Bogmans, Patricia Gomez-Gonzalez, Ganchimeg Ganpurev, Giovanni Melina, Andrea Pescatori, Sneha Thube.

label: Bogmans, Christian

label: Ganpurev, Ganchimeg

label: Beitragende/r

label: Gomez-Gonzalez, Patricia

label: Melina, Giovanni

label: Pescatori, Andrea

label: Thube, Sneha


title: Fiscal Policies in Economies in Transition

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99370755795906441

label: hbz-Ressource 99370755795906441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Fiscal policy / Europe, Eastern.

label: Post-communism / Europe, Eastern.

label: Fiscal policy / Africa.

label: Post-communism / Africa.

label: Fiscal policy / Asia.

label: Post-communism / Asia.

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

subjectslabels:
Fiscal policy / Europe, Eastern.
Post-communism / Europe, Eastern.
Fiscal policy / Africa.
Post-communism / Africa.
Fiscal policy / Asia.
Post-communism / Asia.

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, Zentralbibliothek

label: Books

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (v, 359 p. ) : ill.

abstract: The collapse of central economic planning in many countries and the breakup of the Soviet Union have put into disarray systems of government revenues and expenditures in those countries.  This collection of 16 papers, edited by Vito Tanzi, analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of fiscal policies under the old system of central planning and suggests ways to revitalize those policies in the newly emerging market economies.

label: Monograph/Item

label: Tanzi, Vito

label: Autor/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Digest of international law

publicationHistory: 1.1940 - 8.1944; damit Ersch. eingest.

label: unbekannte Erscheinungsfrequenz

label: eingestellt

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 990183823730206441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

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label: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden

label: Zeitschriftendatenbank (ZDB)

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Zeitschrift

label: FID-Klassifikation

label: Sondersammelgebiets-Nummer

label: DDC-Sachgruppen der ZDB

label: Recht

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: ZDB-Ressource

label: DNB-Ressource

label: EZB

label: Digest of international law

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: hbz - Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Netzwerkzone

label: HeinOnline / Foreign & International Law Resources Database

extent: Online-Ressource

label: Serial


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

label: unbekannte Erscheinungsfrequenz

label: laufend

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 990183826340206441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 990183826340206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden

label: Zeitschriftendatenbank (ZDB)

label: lobid Organisation

label: Amtliche Publikation

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: Alabama laws (and joint resolutions) of the Legislature of Alabama passed at the regular session

label: HeinOnline / Session Laws

label: General laws (and joint resolutions) of the Legislature of Alabama

label: Alabama

altLabel:
Territory of Alabama
Alabama (Territory)
Ala.
AL

label: Autor/in

label: Alabama. Legislature

label: Herausgeber/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Laws of the State of Maryland

alternativeTitle: Laws of Maryland ( Hauptsacht. bis 1810 u. Nebent. teils )

alternativeTitle: Laws made and passed by the General Assembly of Maryland ( Hauptsacht. 1811 - 1856 )

otherTitleInformation: enacted at the session of the General Assembly

label: unbekannte Erscheinungsfrequenz

label: laufend

dateStatement: anfangs

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 990183827980206441

label: hbz-Ressource 990183827980206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Zeitschrift

label: FID-Klassifikation

label: Sondersammelgebiets-Nummer

label: DDC-Sachgruppen der ZDB

label: Recht

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: ZDB-Ressource

label: DNB-Ressource

label: EZB

label: Laws of the State of Maryland

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: hbz - Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Netzwerkzone

label: Englisch

label: Serial

label: Maryland

altLabel:
State of Maryland
Maryland (State)
Md.
MD

label: Maryland. General Assembly


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Newsletter / Deutsch-Amerikanische Juristen-Vereinigung e.V., DAJV

label: unbekannte Erscheinungsfrequenz

label: eingestellt

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 990183258720206441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 990183258720206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden

label: Zeitschriftendatenbank (ZDB)

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Zeitschrift

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: HeinOnline / Law Journal Library

label: DAJV-Newsletter / Deutsch-Amerikanische Juristenvereinigung e.V., DAJV

label: Autor/in


label: Datenträger

title: Competition Among Regulators

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372774608206441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372774608206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (24 pages)

abstract: This paper shows that competition among regulators reduces regulatory standards relative to a centralized solution. It suggests that a central regulator is more likely to emerge for homogeneous and financially integrated countries. The paper proves these results in a model where regulators concerned with their banking system’s stability and efficiency and with their banks’ profitability set their regulatory policy non-cooperatively. Externalities in bank regulation make the independent solution collectively inefficient. These externalities and the benefits of centralized regulation increase with financial integration, while the costs associated with the loss of independence decrease with the homogeneity of the countries involved.

label: Monograph/Item

label: Márquez, Robert

label: Dell'Ariccia, Giovanni

label: Beitragende/r


label: Online-Ressource

title: Rwanda

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372707808306441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372707808306441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: International economic relations.

label: Rwanda / Economic policy.

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: Weltwirtschaft

subjectslabels:
International economic relations.
Rwanda / Economic policy.

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: IMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;

extent: 1 online resource (58 p.)

abstract: This paper discusses Rwanda’s First Review Under the Policy Support Instrument. Rwanda continues to face the challenge of sustaining high growth while reducing its reliance on aid and preventing the build-up of imbalances. After using foreign exchange reserves over the past few years to support the economy, the room for maneuver is more limited and it will be important to rebuild policy buffers. Growth is projected to increase to 6 percent in 2014. In the short term, the need to support growth and preserve the level of foreign reserves requires a cautious fiscal stance while maintaining priority spending and leaving scope for private sector credit expansion.

label: International Monetary Fund.. African Department


label: Datenträger

title: Speculative Attacks and Models of Balance of Payments Crises

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99371793432406441

label: hbz-Ressource 99371793432406441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (64 pages)

abstract: This paper reviews recent developments in the theoretical and empirical analysis of balance-of-payments crises. A simple analytical model highlighting the process leading to such crises is first developed. The basic framework is then extended to deal with a variety of issues, such as: alternative post-collapse regimes, uncertainty, real sector effects, external borrowing and capital controls, imperfect asset substitutability, sticky prices, and endogenous policy switches. Empirical evidence on the collapse of exchange rate regimes is also examined, and the major implications of the analysis for macroeconomic policy discussed.

label: Monograph/Item

responsibilityStatement: Robert Flood, Jagdeep Bhandari, Pierre-Richard Agénor.

label: Flood, Robert G.

label: Autor/in

label: Agénor, Pierre-Richard

label: Bhandari, Jagdeep


label: Online-Ressource

title: Revue juridique Thémis

label: unbekannte Erscheinungsfrequenz

note: Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar

label: laufend

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 990113420790206441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 990113420790206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg

label: Zeitschriftendatenbank (ZDB)

label: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Zeitschrift

label: FID-Klassifikation

label: Sondersammelgebiets-Nummer

label: DDC-Sachgruppen der ZDB

label: Recht

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: ZDB-Ressource

label: DNB-Ressource

label: EZB

label: Revue juridique Thémis

label: hbz - Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Netzwerkzone

label: LexisNexis / Wirtschaft

label: HeinOnline / Law Journal Library

label: Revue juridique Thémis de l'Université de Montréal

label: Französisch

label: Serial

responsibilityStatement: Faculté de Droit de l'Université de Montréal


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Common Trends and Structural Change

otherTitleInformation: A Dynamic Macro Model for the Pre- and Postrevolution Islamic Republic of Iran

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372763716606441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372763716606441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (30 pages)

abstract: This paper uses a common trends model to study how prices, the black market exchange rate, money, and real output have developed over a period covering both pre- and post-revolution Iranian data. It is shown that monetary shocks have significant short-run effects on output, but permanent effects on the price level and exchange rate, that is, expansionary monetary policy is not consistent with achieving low inflation or a stable unified exchange rate. The real shocks generate higher growth and lower inflation, suggesting that supply-side policies are consistent with the goals in the Islamic Republic of Iran’s second five-year development plan.

label: Monograph/Item

label: Becker, Torbjörn

label: Autor/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Finance & Development, December 1972

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372764100906441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372764100906441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Finance & Development; Finance & Development ;

extent: 1 online resource (68 p.)

abstract: This paper describes what the limits to growth are. The paper highlights that many critical variables in global society—particularly population and industrial production—have been growing at a constant percentage rate so that, by now, the absolute increase each year is extremely large. Such increases will become increasingly unmanageable unless deliberate action is taken to prevent such exponential growth. The paper also underscores that physical resources—particularly cultivable land and nonrenewable minerals—and the earth’s capacity to “absorb” pollution are finite.

label: International Monetary Fund.. External Relations Department


title: Finance & Development, September 2000

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372764214406441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372764214406441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: Finance & Development; Finance & Development No 0037/003

extent: 1 online resource (66 p.)

abstract: For the latest thinking about the international financial system, monetary policy, economic development, poverty reduction, and other critical issues, subscribe to Finance & Development (F&D). This lively quarterly magazine brings you in-depth analyses of these and other subjects by the IMF’s own staff as well as by prominent international experts. Articles are written for lay readers who want to enrich their understanding of the workings of the global economy and the policies and activities of the IMF.


title: The woman of the flask

location:
Cairo
New York

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99376424952506441

label: hbz-Ressource 99376424952506441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Ebookcentral Proquest

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Arabic fiction / 20th century / Translations into English.

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: Universitätsbibliothek Koblenz

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: Modern Arabic literature.

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Imraʼat al-qarura.

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (115 p.)

note: First published in Arabic in 1990 as Imraʼat al-qarura.

abstract: The Woman of the Flask is a most original novel-a blend of grim realism and fantasy. Two Iraqi exiles reach Switzerland, having escaped from Saddam's Iraq. One of them, Adam, has brought with him an old flask found among the possessions of his late father who came from the Marshlands of southern Iraq. He polishes it and opens it: a fabulously beautiful nubile young woman appears. She has, it emerges, been the lover of his ancestors going back five thousand years. The novel weaves together the threads of her memories of Adam's ancestors, his day-to-day life and his work as a computer programmer

label: Monograph/Item

responsibilityStatement: Selim Matar ; translated by Peter Clark.

label: Maṭar, Salīm

label: Clark, Peter,d1939-

label: Übersetzung


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Anubis

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99376425261806441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99376425261806441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Anubis(Egyptian deity) / Fiction.

label: Tuaregs / Fiction.

label: Arabische Erzählprosa--20. Jahrhundert, . . .

subjectslabels:
Anubis(Egyptian deity) / Fiction.
Tuaregs / Fiction.

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: Anubis.

extent: 1 online resource (207 p.)

abstract: A Tuareg youth ventures into trackless desert on a life-threatening quest to find the father he remembers only as a shadow from his childhood, but the spirit world frustrates and tests his resolve. For a time, he is rewarded with the Eden of a lost oasis, but eventually, as new settlers crowd in, its destiny mimics the rise of human civilization. Over the sands and the years, the hero is pursued by a lover who matures into a sibyl-like priestess. The Libyan Tuareg author Ibrahim al-Koni, who has earned a reputation as a major figure in Arabic literature with his many novels and collections of

responsibilityStatement: Ibrahim al-Koni ; translated by William M. Hutchins.

label: Kūnī, Ibrāhīm

label: Autor/in

label: Hutchins, William M.


title: Optimal Policy for Financial Market Tokenization

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99376877515206441

label: hbz-Ressource 99376877515206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (58 pages)

abstract: Competing broker initiatives to “tokenize” financial assets—i.e., represent them on programmable platforms—promise efficiency gains but raise concerns about market fragmentation. Policymakers in several countries are considering supporting such platforms or mandating their interoperability. We provide the first formal framework for analyzing optimal policy in this context. Brokers with heterogeneous market power compete to attract investors and execute their trades intra-broker or on a legacy platform. Coalitions of brokers can invest in creating a tokenized market with faster, cheaper inter-broker settlement. Partial coalitions divert trades away from excluded competitors, leading to equilibrium coalition structures that can feature excessive investment or insufficient tokenization. Neither public-private cost-sharing nor interoperability mandates are sufficient to achieve the social optimum when used alone, but their combination is. These results withstand incorporating an open-access ledger (e.g., a public blockchain).

label: Monograph/Item

label: Agur, Itai

label: Copestake, Alexander

label: Beitragende/r


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Oman

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99376877520006441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99376877520006441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: IMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;

extent: 1 online resource (20 pages)

abstract: This Selected Issues paper proposes policy options to accelerate Oman’s transition to a more sustainable and resilient economic model. With hydrocarbon reserves being limited and uncertainty surrounding future oil prices, it is critical to foster the emergence of a competitive and diversified tradables sector. While current diversification efforts have laid important groundwork, further progress is needed to ensure economic resilience to oil price volatility. Oman faces a critical juncture in its development path. Reducing dependence on hydrocarbon revenues and building a diversified, sophisticated export base will be central to achieving the ambitions of Vision 2040. Building a competitive nonhydrocarbon export sector is essential, as nonhydrocarbon output consists primarily of nontradables, particularly of low-added value sectors requiring low-skilled labor, with limited productivity gains, foreign currency receipts, and employment potential. Accelerating structural reforms alongside well-targeted state support will be key to enhance product sophistication and deepen export diversification beyond oil and gas. The empirical analysis indicates that improvements in government effectiveness and logistics performance could significantly raise nonhydrocarbon exports.

label: International Monetary Fund.. Middle East and Central Asia Dept


title: Monetary Implications of Cross-Border Derivatives for Emerging Economies

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372766344806441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372766344806441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;

extent: 1 online resource (40 pages)

abstract: This paper surveys concepts, practices and analytical literature to assess benefits and risks for monetary stability of cross-border currency and interest rate derivative operations in calm and turbulent periods, with a view of extracting implications for emerging economies. Monetary authorities must prevent one-sided positions in the currency, favor asset substitutability, and incorporate the enriched information set provided by derivative-based transactions into monetary policy design. In some circumstances, the use of derivatives by monetary authorities may help fulfill this role. By contrast, surcharges to compensate for a downward impact of derivatives on the cost of capital appear neither advisable nor necessary.

label: Méndez Morales, Armando

label: Autor/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Finance & Development, September 2007

alternativeTitle:
F&D :. Finance and development.
Finance & development.

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372766566506441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: hbz-Ressource 99372766566506441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Barro, Robert J.

label: Cities and towns / Growth / History / 21st century.

label: Urban economics / History / 21st century.

label: Overpopulation / Economic aspects.

label: China / Economic policy / 2000-.

label: Mexico / Economic conditions.

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: Hochschule Rhein-Waal, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, Zentralbibliothek

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: Finance & Development; Finance & Development No 0044/003

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (60 p.)

abstract: The September 2007 issue of F&D looks at the growth of cities and the trend toward urbanization. Within the next year, for the first time in history, more than 50 percent of the world's population will be living in urban rather than rural areas. What are the economic implications of this urban revolution? Economists generally agree that urbanization, if handled well, holds great promise for higher growth and a better quality of life. But as the lead article tells us, the flip side is also true: if handled poorly, urbanization could not only impede development but also give rise to slums. Other articles in this series look at poverty as an urban phenomenon in the developing world and the development of megacities and what this means for governance, funding, and the provision of services. Another group of articles discusses the challenge of rebalancing growth in China. 'People in Economics' profiles Harvard economist Robert Barro; 'Country Focus' looks at the challenges facing Mexico, and 'Back to Basics' takes a look at real exchange rates.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. External Relations Department

label: World Bank

label: Beitragende/r

label: International Monetary Fund

label: World Bank Group


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: United Kingdom: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Some Forward Looking Cross-Sectoral Issues

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372788728906441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372788728906441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Capital stock.

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: DOI-Link

label: IMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;

extent: 1 online resource (69 pages) : illustrations.

abstract: The United Kingdom faces significant money laundering threats from foreign criminal proceeds, owing to its status as a global financial center, but the authorities have a strong understanding of these risks. The authorities estimated the realistic possibility of hundreds of billions of pounds of illicit proceeds being laundered in their jurisdiction. The money laundering risks facing the United Kingdom include illicit proceeds from foreign crimes such as transnational organized crime, overseas corruption, and tax crimes. Financial services, trust, and company service providers (TCSPs), accountancy and legal sectors are high-risk for money laundering, with also significant emerging risks coming from cryptoassets. Some Crown Dependencies (CDs) and British Overseas Territories (BOTs) have featured in U.K. money laundering investigations. Brexit and COVID pandemic have an impact upon the money laundering risks in the United Kingdom. The authorities nevertheless have demonstrated a deep and robust experience in assessing and understanding their ML/TF risks. Leveraging technology tools such as big data and machine learning to analyze cross-border payments may add further dimension to their risk assessments. This technical note (TN) will focus on key aspects of the United Kingdom’s anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) regime: risk-based AML/CFT supervision, entity transparency and international cooperation.

label: International Monetary Fund.. Monetary and Capital Markets Department

label: Autor/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: People’s Republic of China

otherTitleInformation: 2019 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; Staff Statement and Statement by the Executive Director for China

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372707495106441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372707495106441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Economic indicators.

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (118 pages).

abstract: This 2019 Article IV Consultation with People’s Republic of China highlights that after the slowdown in 2018, reflecting financial regulatory strengthening and softening external demand, growth stabilized in early 2019. Financial deleveraging and reduced interconnectedness between banks and non-banks have helped contain the build-up of financial risks, but vulnerabilities remain elevated and progress on rebalancing is mixed. While a moderate slowdown is expected in 2019, uncertainty around trade tensions remains high and risks are tilted to the downside. Successfully shifting from high-speed to high-quality growth in a highly uncertain environment requires stabilizing the economy amid rising trade tensions while continuing with deleveraging and strengthening rebalancing. It is important to improve external policies and frameworks by working constructively with trading partners to better address shortcomings and enable a trading system that can more readily adapt to economic changes in the international environment.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. Asia and Pacific Dept


title: Germany

otherTitleInformation: Staff Report for the 2012 Article IV Consultation

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372707560706441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372707560706441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Fiscal policy / Germany.

label: Germany / Economic conditions.

subjectslabels:
Fiscal policy / Germany.
Germany / Economic conditions.

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

extent: 1 online resource (67 p.)

abstract: This 2012 Article IV Consultation reports that the German economy’s performance has been remarkable despite facing considerable headwinds. Several conditions are now in place in Germany for a domestic demand-led recovery. Employment creation has been robust and unemployment at 5.3 percent is at a postreunification low. Executive Directors have commended Germany’s strong macroeconomic management, which has resulted in a favorable economic performance despite the uncertain external environment. Directors have underscored Germany’s pivotal role in reducing euro area and global imbalances.

label: International Monetary Fund


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Oman

otherTitleInformation: Report on Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC)—Data Module Volume I

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372707711906441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372707711906441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Freie Verschlagwortung

label: Disclosure of information -- Oman -- Management.

label: Economics -- Statistics -- Standards -- Oman.

label: Financial statements -- Oman.

label: Information services -- Oman -- Evaluation.

label: International Monetary Fund -- Oman.

label: Selective dissemination of information -- Oman -- Evaluation.

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: Finanzwirtschaft

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: IMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (297 p.)

abstract: This paper discusses the findings and recommendations of the Report on Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC)—Data Module for Oman. It is observed that Oman has made significant progress in the compilation and dissemination of macroeconomic statistics since the 2004 ROSC mission. The main progress has been achieved in monetary statistics, price indices, and balance of payments, in particular the introduction of the producer price index, and improvements in data relevance, transparency, classification, and sectorization. The report also recognizes the need for Oman to move to higher data standards and identifies shortcomings in statistical practices and products that remain to be addressed.

label: International Monetary Fund.. Statistics Department

label: Autor/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Black magic

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99376424907206441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99376424907206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Ebookcentral Proquest

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Arabic fiction / Translations into English.

label: Arabische Erzählprosa

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: Universitätsbibliothek Koblenz

label: Modern Arabic literature.

label: Siḥr aswad.

extent: 1 online resource (155 p.)

abstract: As a fourteen-year-old, Nasir was entranced by his father's gift of a camera, finding in it the means both to possess beauty and to assert himself. Now a hack working for state television, Nasir meets Fatin, an independent woman older than himself who has escaped a suffocating marriage and is secure in taking what she wants from life. An affair begins that quickly pulls Nasir into a whirlwind of incandescent erotic and emotional obsession. In a world of superficiality, materialism, violence, and sexual hysteria seen through the unforgiving lens of his camera, Nasir's life is in limbo. A yearni

label: Monograph/Item

responsibilityStatement: Hamdy el-Gazzar ; translated by Humphrey Davies.

label: Jazzār, Ḥamdī

label: Davies, Humphrey T.

label: Übersetzung


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: The Welfare Implications of Job Retention Schemes

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99376877511706441

label: hbz-Ressource 99376877511706441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (56 pages)

abstract: This paper examines the welfare implications of job retention schemes, where governments subsidize employers to preserve jobs during downturns. Using EU microdata from 2003 to 2018, we show that such schemes are associated with lower job separation rates, especially among lower-productivity workers. We build a search-and-matching model with occupational choice, calibrated to the United Kingdom during the global financial and sovereign debt crises. Simulations show that a retention policy scheme aimed at reducing unemployment by nearly 1 percentage point would have been both welfare-enhancing and cost-effective. Average welfare would have increased by 0.06 percent in consumption-equivalent terms, with low-income workers benefiting more than twice as much as the median worker by avoiding costly job switches and unemployment spells.

responsibilityStatement: John Bluedorn, Jorge Mondragon, Ippei Shibata, Marina Mendes Tavares.

label: Bluedorn, John

label: Autor/in

label: Mendes Tavares, Marina

label: Beitragende/r

label: Mondragon, Jorge

label: Shibata, Ippei


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Finland

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99376877513306441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99376877513306441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: IMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;

extent: 1 online resource (12 pages)

abstract: This Special Issues paper focuses on the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on Finland’s labor market. AI is rapidly evolving and has the potential to reshape the job landscape across broad range of skills and sectors. Finland is well-prepared to reap the benefits of AI. A highly educated and tech-friendly workforce makes Finland resilient to the challenges posed by AI adoption. Compared to other European countries, Finland has a higher share of workers with high-complementarity occupations and a lower share of low-exposed workers. While most Finns will benefit from AI adoption, one-fifth of the workforce is at risk of job displacement. Women, highly educated workers, and nonimmigrants are likely to benefit most. In contrast, men, low-educated people, and immigrants may gain less from AI adoption, primarily because they occupy jobs with low exposure. AI represents an opportunity to free up resources in the public sector. Public sector organizations lag behind private companies in adopting AI technologies and tend to implement them in silos, leading to inefficiencies.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. European Dept


title: Revisiting the Tax Wedge in Bosnia and Herzegovina

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99376877514906441

label: hbz-Ressource 99376877514906441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: Selected Issues Papers; Selected Issues Paper ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (19 pages)

abstract: This paper revisits labor tax wedge issues in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in light of recent changes to minimum wages and social security contribution (SSC) rates. Using detailed information, it provides estimates of average and income-specific labor tax wedges in both the Federation of BiH (FBiH) and  Republika Srpska (RS). The effective tax wedge may be lower than suggested by conventional measures—particularly in (FBiH), where non-taxable employment benefits and preferential income tax treatments encourage tax-saving arbitrage. Reforms toward a more efficient, progressive and transparent system are necessary to boost fiscal and growth outcomes. There is significant scope for simplification, base broadening and greater progressivity, which could pave the way for future headline SSC rate cuts.

label: Cegar, Bobana

label: Shah, Alpa

label: Stuart, Ian


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Pakistan

otherTitleInformation: Governance and Corruption Diagnostic Report

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99376877521306441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99376877521306441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: High-Level Summary Technical Assistance Reports; High Level Summary Technical Assistance Report ;

extent: 1 online resource (5 pages)

abstract: This Governance and Corruption Diagnostic (GCD) was conducted at the request and with the support of the Government of Pakistan to identify and analyze governance weaknesses and corruption vulnerabilities that undermine economic performance and reform efforts. The diagnostic focused on federal-level governance in five core state functions: fiscal governance, market regulation, financial sector oversight, anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT), and rule of law, and also considered the strength and effectiveness of anticorruption institutions and approaches to address corruption risks.  The findings reveal persistent and widespread corruption risks embedded in a heavily state-dominated economy that operates with complex regulatory environments, weak institutional capacities, fragmented oversight, with ineffective and inconsistent accountability and constrained rule of law. These factors collectively constrain private sector development and public sector effectiveness. The report provides an integrated set of recommendations aimed at achieving concrete and visible progress through strengthening institutional integrity, enhancing transparency, improving consistency and reliability of the enforcement of rules, and fostering coordination across agencies to support sustainable economic growth and public trust.

responsibilityStatement: Joel Turkewitz, Jonathan Pampolina, Jesper Berg, Frank van Brunschot, Kuena Diaho, Fahad Hasan, Yasemin Hurcan, Mohammed Al Janahi, Zhentu Liu, Peter Mullins, Nusula Nassuna, Wajahat Ali Shah, Sally Toms, Miguel Vieira Toro, Christophe Waerzeggers.

label: Turkewitz, Joel

label: Autor/in

label: Berg, Jesper

label: Beitragende/r

label: Diaho, Kuena

label: Hasan, Fahad

label: Hurcan, Yasemin

label: Pampolina, Jonathan

label: van Brunschot, Frank


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)— Enhancing Resilience to Global Shocks: Economic Prospects and Policy Challenges for the GCC Countries

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99376877524906441

label: hbz-Ressource 99376877524906441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: Policy Papers; Policy Paper ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (98 pages)

abstract: Despite the challenging external environment, the GCC economies have been resilient. Non-hydrocarbon activity has remained robust amid strong domestic demand supported by the reform momentum, limited spillovers from regional, as well as the modest direct impact of higher U.S. tariffs given the exemption of energy products and limited trade ties with the U.S. While external balances narrowed amid oil production cuts and robust imports, the external positions remain overall strong.  The economic outlook remains favorable but risks are tilted to the downside amidst elevated global uncertainty. Economic activity will be supported by the unwinding of oil production cuts, the expansion of natural gas production, and strong reform and project implementation facilitated by ample policy buffers. External buffers would remain comfortable despite narrower current account balances driven by higher imports. The near-term risks to the outlook are tilted to the downside, as oil prices could decline and financial conditions tighten amid high uncertainty. Over the medium term, ongoing global structural shifts pose two-sided risks for the GCC economies.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. Middle East and Central Asia Dept


title: Emigration and Wages in Source Countries

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99371415630106441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99371415630106441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Wage differentials / Econometric models. / Mexico

label: Wages / Econometric models. / Mexico

label: Mexico / Emigration and immigration / Econometric models.

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: Hochschule Rhein-Waal, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, Zentralbibliothek

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;

extent: 1 online resource (35 p.)

abstract: This paper empirically examines the effect on wages in Mexico of Mexican emigration to the United States, using data from the Mexican and United States censuses from 1970-2000. The main result in the paper is that emigration has a strong and positive effect on Mexican wages. There is also evidence for increasing wage inequality in Mexico due to emigration. Simple welfare calculations based on a labor demand-supply framework suggest that the aggregate welfare loss to Mexico due to emigration is small. However, there is a significant distributional impact between labor and other factors.

label: Mishra, Prachi

label: Autor/in

label: International Monetary Fund.. Western Hemisphere Department

label: Beitragende/r


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Effects of Globalization on Labor’s Share in National Income

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99371415696006441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: hbz-Ressource 99371415696006441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: National income / Econometric models. / Developed countries

label: Foreign trade and employment / Developed countries.

label: Wages and labor productivity / Developed countries.

label: Employees / Effect of technological innovations on / Developed countries.

label: Wages / Effect of technological innovations on / Developed countries.

label: Wage bargaining / Developed countries.

label: Globalization.

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

abstract: The past two decades have seen a decline in labor's share of national income in several industrial countries. This paper analyzes the role of three factors in explaining movements in labor's share--factor-biased technological progress, openness to trade, and changes in employment protection--using a panel of 18 industrial countries over 1960-2000. Since most studies suggest that globalization and rapid technological progress (associated with accelerated information technology development) began in the mid-1980s, the sample is split in 1985 into preglobalization/pre-IT revolution and postglobalization/post-IT revolution eras. The results suggest that the decline in labor's share during the past few decades in the OECD member countries may have been largely an equilibrium, rather than a cyclical, phenomenon, as the distribution of national income between labor and capital adjusted to capital-augmenting technological progress and a more globalized world economy.

label: Monograph/Item

label: Guscina, Anastasia


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Writing Clearly

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99371415948006441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99371415948006441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: European Central Bank / Econometric models.

label: Banks and banking, Central / Econometric models. / Europe

label: Communication / Econometric models. / Europe

label: Monetary policy / Econometric models. / Europe

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: Hochschule Rhein-Waal, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, Zentralbibliothek

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;

extent: 1 online resource (36 p.)

abstract: The paper presents a methodology for measuring the clarity of central bank communication, illustrating it with the case of the European Central Bank (ECB) in 1999-2007. The analysis identifies the ECB's written communication as clear about 95 percent of instances, which is comparable to, or even better than, other central banks for which a similar analysis is available. We also find that the additional information contained in the ECB's Monthly Bulletins helps to improve communication clarity compared to ECB's press releases. In particular, the Bulletins contain useful clarifying information on individual inflation factors and the overall forecast risk; in contrast, the bulletin's communication on monetary shocks has a negative, albeit small, impact on clarity.

responsibilityStatement: Martin Cihak, Katerina Smídková, Aleš Bulíř.

label: Čihák, Martin

label: Autor/in

label: Buliř, Aleš

label: Beitragende/r

label: Šmídková, Kateřina


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Oral History at a Distance

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99374155451106441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99374155451106441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Ebookcentral Proquest

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Oral history.

label: Historische Forschung

label: Hochschulbibliothek der Fachhochschule Aachen

label: Hochschule Bochum, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschul- und Kreisbibliothek Bonn-Rhein-Sieg

label: Technische Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe, Service Kommunikation Information Medien

label: Hochschule Ruhr West, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln, Bibliothek

label: Universitätsbibliothek der RPTU in Kaiserslautern

label: Technische Hochschule Georg Agricola, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, Hauptabteilung

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: Practicing Oral History Series

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (249 pages)

abstract: Oral History at a Distance is the first publication to explore both the ideas behind and application of oral history in remote projects.

label: Monograph/Item

label: Sielaff, Steven

label: Sloan, Stephen M.

label: Cain Darough, Adrienne A.

label: Holland, Michelle


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Oklahoma City University law review

label: unbekannte Erscheinungsfrequenz

label: laufend

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 990157017810206441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 990157017810206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden

label: Zeitschriftendatenbank (ZDB)

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Zeitschrift

label: FID-Klassifikation

label: Sondersammelgebiets-Nummer

label: DDC-Sachgruppen der ZDB

label: Recht

label: Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation

label: OCLC-Ressource

label: ZDB-Ressource

label: DNB-Ressource

label: EZB

label: Oklahoma City University law review

label: hbz - Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Netzwerkzone

label: HeinOnline / Law Journal Library

extent: Online-Ressource

label: Serial

label: Oklahoma City University

label: Autor/in


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Emigration and Brain Drain

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99371417108706441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99371417108706441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Brain drain.

label: Emigration and immigration.

subjectslabels:
Brain drain.
Emigration and immigration.

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Hochschule Rhein-Waal, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, Zentralbibliothek

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (39 p.)

abstract: This paper quantifies the magnitude and nature of migration flows from the Caribbean and estimates their costs and benefits. The Caribbean countries have lost 10-40 percent of their labor force due to emigration to OECD member countries. The migration rates are particularly striking for the highskilled. Many countries have lost more than 70 percent of their labor force with more than 12 years of completed schooling-among the highest emigration rates in the world. The region is also the world's largest recipient of remittances as a percent of GDP. Remittances constituted about 13 percent of the region's GDP in 2002. Simple welfare calculations suggest that the losses due to high-skill migration (ceteris paribus) outweigh the official remittances to the Caribbean region. The results suggest that there is indeed some evidence for brain drain from the Caribbean.

label: Monograph/Item

label: Mishra, Prachi


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: IMF Staff papers

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372767540206441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372767540206441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: IMF Staff Papers; IMF Staff Papers ;

extent: 1 online resource (226 pages)

abstract: This IMF Staff Paper highlights recent developments in monetary models of exchange rate determination. The seminal contributors to the monetary approach to the balance of payments suggested that the approach could be applied to a flexible exchange rate regime with only minor modifications. Several characteristics of recent exchange rate behavior, however, are against the traditional approach. These include persistent deviations from purchasing power parity, the large variance of short-term exchange rate movements, and the importance of speculation in the determination of the exchange rate. Although maintaining the emphasis of early monetary models on the integration of international asset markets and the stability of the money demand function, the new approaches also account for deviations from purchasing power parity, the endogenous determination of the interest rate, and the possibility that national currencies are close substitutes in a portfolio of currencies. An integrated model, which is capable of empirical verification, is also presented.

label: International Monetary Fund.. Research Department

label: Autor/in


title: IMF Staff papers

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372767541806441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372767541806441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

extent: 1 online resource (194 pages)

abstract: From the Foreword to the first issue: “Among the responsibilities of the International Monetary Fund, as set forth in the Articles of Agreement, is the obligation to ‘act as a center for the collection and exchange of information on monetary and financial problems,’ and thereby to facilitate ‘the preparation of studies designed to assist members in developing policies which further the purposes of the Fund.’ The publications of the Fund are one way in which this responsibility is discharged. “Through the publication of Staff Papers, the Fund is making available some of the work of members of its staff. The Fund believes that these papers will be found helpful by government officials, by professional economists, and by others concerned with monetary and financial problems. Much of what is now presented is quite provisional. On some international monetary problems, final and definitive views are scarcely to be expected in the near future, and several alternative, or even conflicting, approaches may profitably be explored. The views presented in these papers are not, therefore, to be interpreted as necessarily indicating the position of the Executive Board or of the officials of the Fund.” The authors of the papers in this issue have received considerable assistance from their colleagues on the staff of the Fund. This general statement of indebtedness may be accepted in place of a detailed list of acknowledgments. Subscription: US$6.00 a volume or the approximate equivalent in the currencies of most countries. Three numbers constitute a volume. Single copies may be purchased at $2.50. Special rate to university libraries, faculty members, and students: $3.00 a volume; $1.00 a single copy. Subscriptions and orders should be sent to: THE SECRETARY International Monetary Fund 19th and H Streets, N.W. Washington, D. C. 20431.


label: Datenträger

title: IMF Survey, Volume 31, Issue 05

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372774223706441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372774223706441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Survey; IMF Survey No 0031/005

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (16 pages)

abstract: Almost two months after the successful launch of euro notes and coins in the 12-member euro area, IMF First Deputy Managing Director Anne Krueger says Europe now needs to tackle outstanding economic reforms more forcefully to ensure that monetary union delivers on its promise. Speaking at the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London on February 25, she refrained from commenting on the pros and cons of U.K. entry into the euro area but observed that a “strong and prosperous European economy is essential to a strong and prosperous world economy.” Edited excerpts from Krueger s speech follow. The full text can be found on the IMFs website (www.imf.org.).

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. External Relations Department


label: Online-Ressource

title: IMF Survey

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372774225406441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372774225406441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: IMF Survey; IMF Survey ;

abstract: Jack Boorman has been Director of the IMF’s Policy Development and Review (PDR) Department since August 1990. PDR plays a central role in the design, implementation, and evaluation of IMF policies relating to surveillance and the use of IMF financing, including concessional financing for low-income countries. Boorman met recently with the IMF Survey to discuss the important progress being made in the area of debt relief for heavily indebted developing countries.

label: Autor/in


label: Datenträger

title: S. 744 and the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986

otherTitleInformation: lessons learned or mistakes repeated? hearing before the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, first session, on S. 744, May 22, 2013

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372825339406441

label: hbz-Ressource 99372825339406441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Emigration and immigration law / United States.

label: Border security / United States.

label: Noncitizens / United States.

label: Illegal immigration / United States.

label: Foreign workers / Legal status, laws, etc. / United States.

label: Citizenship / United States.

label: Illegal immigration.

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

label: OCLC-Ressource

extent: 1 online resource (iii, 131 pages)

note: Title from title screen (viewed on September 6, 2013).

note: Paper version available for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, United States Government Printing Office.

label: United States.. Congress.. House.. Committee on the Judiciary


label: Online-Ressource

title: Qatar

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372707729406441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372707729406441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Economic indicators / Qatar.

label: Qatar / Economic conditions.

subjectslabels:
Economic indicators / Qatar.
Qatar / Economic conditions.

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (64 p.)

abstract: Qatar's economy is driven by high oil and natural gas prices and production, and remains strong with robust nonhydrocarbon growth. Its government has now shifted its focus to economic diversification and growth in nonhydrocarbon sectors through targeted infrastructure investments. The Executive Directors of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) noted the positive regional spillover effects of Qatar’s high growth, public spending, and increased financial assistance. The adoption of a three-year budget framework to help shield government spending from revenue volatility and enable better use of resources is welcomed.

label: Monograph/Item

label: International Monetary Fund.. Middle East and Central Asia Department

label: Autor/in

label: International Monetary Fund

label: Beitragende/r


label: Datenträger

label: Online-Ressource

title: Saudi Arabia

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372709523606441

label: lobid-resources – Der hbz-Verbundkatalog als Linked Open Data

label: hbz-Ressource 99372709523606441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: Creative Commons-Lizenz CC0 1.0 Universal

label: Library of Congress Subject Headings

label: Saudi Arabia / Economic policy.

label: Saudi Arabia / Economic conditions.

subjectslabels:
Saudi Arabia / Economic policy.
Saudi Arabia / Economic conditions.

label: Electronic Portfolio

label: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn

extent: 1 online resource (51 p.)

abstract: This staff report on Saudi Arabia’s 2013 Article IV Consultation discusses economic policies and development. As the largest crude oil exporter, and the only producer with significant spare capacity, Saudi Arabia plays a systemic and stabilizing role in the global oil market. In 2011, Saudi Arabia formally committed through the G20 to use its systemic position in the oil market to promote global stability. Saudi Arabia raised oil production to a 30-year high to ensure demand was met the abrupt decline in Libyan production in 2011, and continued geopolitical tensions in 2012. Growth in fiscal spending has contributed to continued robust growth in private-sector credit of more than 16 percent, and high levels of liquidity in the banking system.


title: The External Balance Assessment (EBA) Methodology

label: Webseite der hbz-Ressource 99372709780306441

label: Software lobid-resources

label: hbz-Ressource 99372709780306441 im Exportformat MARC21 XML

label: lobid Organisation

label: Finance.

label: FH Münster, Hochschulbibliothek

label: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Bibliothek

label: Culturegraph-Ressource

label: IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;

label: DigiBib hbz Verbundkatalog

label: Englisch

extent: 1 online resource (69 p.)

abstract: The External Balance Assessment (EBA) methodology has been developed by the IMF’s Research Department as a successor to the CGER methodology for assessing current accounts and exchange rates in a multilaterally consistent manner. Compared to other approaches, EBA emphasizes distinguishing between the positive empirical analysis and the normative assessment of current accounts and exchange rates, and highlights the roles of policies and policy distortions. This paper provides a comprehensive description and discussion of the 2013 version (“2.0”) of the EBA methodology, including areas for its further development.

responsibilityStatement: Steven Phillips, Luis Catão, Luca Ricci, Rudolfs Bems, Mitali Das, Julian Di Giovanni, Filiz Unsal, Marola Castillo, Jungjin Lee, Jair Rodriguez, Mauricio Vargas.

label: Phillips, Steven

label: Bems, Rudolfs

label: Catão, Luis

label: Das, Mitali

label: Di Giovanni, Julian

label: Ricci, Luca

label: Unsal, Filiz