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Dozent für Geologie, Assistenzprofessor in Florenz, Pavia (1923-1924) und Mailand (1924-1927) und 1928-1931 Dozent für Geologie, Physische Geographie und Paläontologie an der Universität Mailand. Direktor des Instituts für Geologie der Universität Mailand, das er 1929 gründete, und Professor für Angewandte Geologie am Polytechnikum Mailand. 1972 wurde er emeritiert. Führte in den Jahren 1926 bis 1940 einige geologische Untersuchungen in Libyen durch und fand dabei mit anderen zusammen als Erster Erdöl in diesem Land. 1954 führte er eine Expedition an, welche die Bergsteiger Lino Lacedelli und Achille Compagnoni als Erste den K2 besteigen ließ. 1990 gründete Desio eine Forschungsstation am Mount Everest. 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